How to minimise the chance of project failing Essay Example for Free

How to minimise the chance of forecast working EssayIntroduction Here I am going to explain use examples many different kinds of ways that tramp be holded from projects failing. In direct for a project manager to detect something wrong happening in a project, they eat up to always double check it and excessively see if it works alone the way the client wants it to work. Project managers always need some kinds of backup, if a project all of a sudden goes horribly wrong, they need some kinds of backup which can include extra members of cater or maybe working(a) long hours to achieve their goal. Lack of staff expertise.When hiring new members of staff, a project manager has to always be careful when checking whether they have the right qualifications or not, by giving a new member a small test to see if they are worthy of using different kinds of tools can help to settle down whether to hire them or not. Going over the budget If the project goes over the budget and mor e money is being wasted on different kinds of things such(prenominal) as tools etc, then the project manager provide have to work harder over the time that they are paid they may be then awarded a bonus if the project succeeds.To minimise this in that location are softwares that can be used such as Microsoft Office Project to keep track on the budget so that it can be easier to avoid going over the budget. Insufficient details from client or Poor or No Requirements If there is simply not enough details from the client, then as a conduce the project would most likely be unsatisfactory for the client, in order to avoid this it would be very important if the mangers warns the client if any further requirements are needed, oppositewise the client willing be warned that no changes will be carried out during the process of the project.Not enough proper time to research and plan Before starting any project, planning is extremely important to be taken out so that simply managers will k now and have an idea of what to do. If no planning has been taken out then if would be inbred to ask the client for a late(a)r deadline, if the client refuses then they will need to be warned that errors may occur and the project may arrive late anyway. Using the wrong kind of toolsIn order to stop confusion from ordering the wrong kind of tools, managers will have to explain clearly to members of staff what exactly is needed, the tools will then have to be researched and studied in order to find out if it has the requirements to create the project they are working on. They can over-run (passed the deadline) In order to minimise project from passing their deadline, manager will need to carry out plans before the project even starts.Managers will also need to hire extra members of staff if there is enough money in order to complete the project early. Members of staff could also learn how to to the full use the potential of product such as software to help the project by being les s time-consuming. Poor communication Project mangers will always have to make sure that member of staff are properly communicating with each other, there are many methods that can be used for communication, and these can include email, word of mouth, and mobile phone and maybe even by post.Members of staff will need to speak to each other once in a while in order to understand and learn what is going on in the project in order to prevent any errors from occurring. Lack of User Involvement Staff should be informed that if they are not truly obscure with the project then they will automatically be march onn a warning or maybe even fired from their job because they are simply not working up to the measure as they should be working.What is also very important is the managers should be doing walk around which involves checking whether members of staff are working properly and doing things correctly and is truly involved in the project. Changes in the requirements As you know clients m ay all of a sudden change the details in the requirements of the product. In any of these cases a project manager has to decline those extra details because it can lead to missing out deadlines which can result in a loss of money and also time.A manager will have to warn their client that there cannot be any changes during the operation of the project, clients should also be advised to care richly send the requirements specification for their product that they are expecting to come out of a project. Long or Unrealistic Time periods A manager will also have to make sure and to double check to see if the time precondition to the project is realistic and achievable, otherwise the project will be known to fail and could have an impact on the organisation because they may need it desperately.Projects should normally take months to create or even years, if a big project was given and the deadline was only for a short time period, managers have to then immediately decline the project or warn the client that they will need more time. Scope Creep In order to minimise this, project managers will have to check and double check the project to see if it is working fully and if there isnt any problems that may be growing or might happen.For example if an error is put during the production of a product and not treated, could result in the product not working completely and permanently and therefore the project may need to be restarted, so to prevent this if an error is found that the mangers should straight away stop the product or pause it and treat the error as soon as possible. Poor Testing Normally interrogatory is not done properly simply because either the client or manager is probably does not have the time to do it, another earth as to why testing may not be carried out because project managers may be too confident and therefore assume that everything will go well.Testing may also be poorly done because there of Insufficient details from the client or Poor or No Requirements, in order to avoid or minimise or prevent this, project managers should train users that do not know the purpose of the system, always give plenty of time to plan and ask the client for better requirements. Bad decisions being made Every single little decision that is made by the manager has to be carefully planned out and thought out, a manager will also have to consider the consequences and also plan for back-ups just in case the idea or plan back-fires.

Review Questions Essay Example for Free

Review Questions EssayWhat be some factors (patterns of behavior) that project a play alongs culture? List several examples from organizations you work in. The factors that are most important in the creation of an organizations culture include founders values, preferences, and constancy demands. A companys culture, particularly during its early years, is inescapably tied to the personality, background, and values of its founder or founders, as well as their vision for the future of the organization.It is shaped in the early days of a companys history. When entrepreneurs establish their own businesses, the way they want to do business determines the organizations rules, the structure set-up in the company, and the people they hire to work with them. spell founders undoubtedly exert a powerful influence over corporate cultures, the industry characteristics also play a role. Industry characteristics and demands act as a force to create similarities among organizational culture s.For example, despite some differences, many companies in the insurance and banking industries are stable and rule oriented, many companies in the high-tech industry have innovative cultures, and companies in the nonprofit industry tend to be people oriented. 3. What are three major elements that complicate listening? Give customer-service link up examples of each. The three elements that complicate listening comprise the internal, environmental and interactional elements. To start with, internal elements involve the use of words at a level that the meeter support hear, and the most importantly, can understand.Talking loudly and nonsensely or meaninglessly can totally deviate your customers from doing business with your company. The customer services on the phone can result in such scenario if the voice of the customer rep is too low or too loud, or the line is not clear or s/he uses very technical words that the receiver cannot understand. Secondly, the environmental factors wh ich determine what we are able to listen to and what we cannot. These factors can impact our individual exponent to listen and our organizations listening capacity, as well.These factors include Our individual listening capacity, the presence of noise, and the use or misuse of gatekeepers. (Timm, Paul, Pg. 43) In contrast to the environmental elements of the listening process, the interactional elements concern internal psychological processes that are not as easily identified. Two such psychological elements deserve careful attachment self-centeredness and self-protection.

Iceland’s Economy During the Credit Crunch

Icelands Economy During the Credit CrunchIcelands frugality used to be based on fishing and high-energy industries such as aluminium until it experienced a sharp boom period in the late nineties. Money flooded into Icelands prudence creating enormous growth rates and unemployment unload to almost zero. The three major banks in Iceland Landsbanki, Glitnir and Kaputhing used this money to leverage debt and invest heavily abroad. They bought everything from Hamleys to the Somerfield supermarket chain to West Ham United football game Club. However, towards the end of this decade Icelands parsimony was becoming increasingly reliant on debt and once the reference book crunch arrived their banks were fatally exposed. They had made the same mistake as Lehman Brothers and the other large, now defunct, US investment banks. They had borrowed short-term cash to make long-term investments. Icelands economy was hinged on the continuous rolling over of debt, which had posed no difficulties in the boom years. However once the credit became more difficult to acquire, then the situation of the banks became perilous and so did that of Icelands economy. The banks share prices began to generate as did the exchange rate of Icelands Krona currency. The more difficulty the banks experienced, the more Icelands economy looked to be built on an unsustainable debt bubble. The banks funding was rapidly drying up and in 2008 the Icelandic government began nationalising them as depositors were panicking and taking their money out. But it did not stop there for Icelands economy foreign reserves began to dry-up as the government now also found it difficult to borrow money because the international markets didnt believe the government could rescue the banks as well as repay their own debt. One economic commentator said that it was not just a case of it being a run on a bank it was a run on Icelands economy Just how serious it is has been for Icelands economy can be seen from the fact tha t the government announced in first Oct 2008 that they were going to attempt to get a loan from the Russian government. This is a shock move considering that Iceland is a member of NATO. In the end however Icelands economy was saved, in the short-term at least, by a loan from the Swedish government. It is hoped that this will help support Icelands economy but there are invigorated fears that they are facing a sovereign default. The government confirmed this when the Prime Minister stated in a TV broadcast that Icelands economy go about a real risk of bankruptcy due to the credit crunch.It is worth elaborating on the discussion on Icelands economy during the credit crunch by feel at the impact it was, and is, having on real consumers in the country and then on those living outside the country who efficacy think that what happens in Icelands economy will have no impact on them. During the height of the credit crunch in Iceland, the BBC interviewed a number of people to assess the ir sentiment. One boyish woman spoke of the rapidly rising prices because so much of the intellectual nourishment was imported and with the Krona falling, prices on the shelves were soaring. People were even bulk buying food and hoarding it according to this interviewee. Icelands economy had gone from being one the wealthiest countries to this dire situation very quickly. Another Icelandic resident said he had bought his mansion for 13 gazillion Krona last year but because of the credit crunch causing higher interest rates, he now owed 16 Million Krona on it He said Icelands economy had been built of debt and many people had borrowed at low interest rates not thinking they could reverse but they did. Another couple who had recently moved from the UK to live in Iceland said they were considering moving back. They could not access their savings because their bank had been nationalised and they were panicking. They thought Icelands economy was prosperous and wealthy but now they realised it was heading for an enormous recession and they did not want to stay there to experience it. Those living in the UK might believe they are immune from problems with Icelands economy but on Oct 7th, they realised they were not. On that day, the online savings bank, Ice Save declared they had suspended withdrawals in the UK because their parent bank Landsbanki, had run out of cash. It is estimated that 300,000 UK residents had a savings account with Ice Bank. Those who believed that problems with Icelands economy would stay in Iceland were seriously misinformed.It is also worth tone at some background information on what precisely caused the difficulties with Icelands economy and why the credit crunch impacted them particularly. The question most people might ask were why Icelands economy was so affected and the simple answer to this is size. Size really matters when it comes to economic problems. The UK and US economies were big comme il faut and diversified enough to be able to move in and recapitalise their banking systems with national resources. Iceland has a population of only 400,000 people and their banks had ballooned in size. Icelands economy, no matter how productive it was, could never earnest out their banks which had been investing huge sums outside of Icelands economy. Yet the Icelandic government was caught in a trap without a functioning banking system, it knew an economy cannot function and so they were determined to prop up their banks. However, the government poured too many of the national reserves into its banks before it realised it was all in vain. Icelands economy was destroyed during the credit crunch because it ultimately lacked a big enough central bank like the Bank of England or Federal Reserve. In fact, some individual Icelands banks were far bigger than Icelands economy itself and so could never have been rescued. The lesson to learn from the experience of Icelands economy during the credit crunch is to ensure that b anks are well adjust and that their loans do not grow beyond the capacity of the government to rescue them should the need occur.

Understanding the different leadership styles

Understanding the unlike leading carriagesThere atomic number 18 2 separate views relating to leadership styles one view holds that leaders are born. The qualities they embody are unlimited. Other concept is that in order to emerge as leaders, manhood need to go hard and develop these qualities (Golden 2010, 66-75).The great man possibleness demonstrates the previous concept and explains that the leaders intrinsically possess personality traits. This concept assumes that a leader naturally possess the required skills that allows him to perform. While adapting this concept, scholars analyse specific problems or projects and show leadership styles for addressing them (Crosby 1991, 25-46).Many people have observed the conduct of leaders, the affect of situation on leadership, the functions of leadership, as well as dynamic processes and contingencies. Both the economic model as well as behavioural office examines leadership as a role whose purpose is to help an organisation to be more adapt adapted. Leadership flush toilet help an organisation in act towards adaptive change (Golden 2010, 66-75).DiscussionLeadership is a term used to describe the act of transforming, inspiring, mentoring, coordinating, and managing people toward an individuals, a groups, an organizations, a communitys, or a nation-states vision, goals, and objectives. In organization studies, leadership is acknowledged as an important concept, just now there is great debate about what leadership actually is and how it occurs and evolves (Golden 2010, 66-75). Typically leadership theory in organization studies is spread across a wide spread of perspectives. These perspectives offer differing views and underlying assumptions about leadership, including leadership as a genetic king or trait that one is born with, leadership as a specific form of behaviour, leadership as process or a bureau of thinking that is socially acquired, and leadership as a contingent product of environment. Wi thin these perspectives, there are debates about the very need or origination of leadership (Crosby 1991, 25-46). For example, dispersed leadership theory argues that leadership is a form of power that is everywhere and always present. Conversely some contingency-based nonions of leadership argue that leadership bay window be substituted for and made obsolete or redundant.More important, leadership as a field of study is abundant and can be a daunting domain of study for newcomers to the field. Part of the challenge for people studying and researching leadership is the high volume of leadership theories and perspectives available (Miller 2007, 56-98). The aim of this encyclopaedic entry, therefore, is to provide a general overview of leadership specific to organization studies for a reader.Conceptual and Practical Approaches to LeadershipFew things are more important to human twist than leadership. People, regardless of their occupation, education, political or religious convic tions, or pagan orientation, usually identify that leadership is a vastly significant fact. Political individuals declare it, analysts verbalize about it and organisations depend on it (Haber 2010, 94-130). Effective leadership leads nations in times of threat, encourages utile team and group performance, creates successful organisations and helps in nurturing the next generation (Morrill 2010, 110-138). The blush Minister of Great Britain during World War II, Winston Churchill, was able to stimulate the resolution of his tormented people with these words I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat.The absence of leadership can be equally dramatic organisations progress slowly, languish, and sometimes even lose their way. Bad leadership can disseminate despair on those who are focus of its realm (Komives et al 2010, 156-184).Vroom and Jago identified 3 different functions that situational factors play in the effectiveness of leadership, that is, effectiveness of a n organisation is not usually the result of technical leadership techniques (Morrill 2010, 110-138). Outcomes of any group effort can be affected by situational factors that may be beyond the take care of a leader. However, leaders receive credit or blame for the actions of the people, success or failure is usually the consequence of external forces, that is, changing technologies, or environmental conditions etc.An analysis carried out by Strube and Garcia establishes that leaders who are task-oriented perform vanquish in situations that are either favourable (clear tasks, firm position power, and best leader/member relations) or unfavourable (unclear tasks, feeble position power, and poor leader/member relations) (Haber 2010, 94-130). On the early(a) hand, leaders who are people-oriented perform best in conditions that are only slightly favourable, which is usually based on the value of leader-member relations.Another approach that deals with the relation between the situati on and leadership style is path-goal theory (Komives et al 2010, 156-184). According to this approach, path is referred to the leaders behaviours which may help the team to achieve a desired goal. Therefore, leaders must display different behaviours to achieve different goals, depending on the situation. Which style of leadership should be used depends on two types of situational factors, such as, subordinate characteristics, which includes ability, control, and authority and environmental characteristics, which include the reputation of the task, work group, and authority system (Pitsis 2007, 100-156).Studies of different organisations establishes that task-oriented approaches are effective in conditions with low task structure as they help employees deal with an uncertain situation, and otiose in conditions with high task structure (Haber 2010, 94-130). The researchers found participatory leadership to be more effective if the employees were involved in non-repetitive, ego-invol ving tasks. However, achievement-oriented leadership has been more effective if the employees were involved in uncertain tasks. An obvious implication of this approach is that leaders must analyse the situation before adopting a particular style of leadership (Hicks 2004, 88-150).Globalisation and LeadershipThe gradual increase in the globalisation has invited leadership in several ways. Globalisation has influenced leadership with international employee transfer rates, increase in opportunities, and competition (Komives et al 2010, 156-184).Effective leadership in one region may not result in severe leadership in another(prenominal) country for many reasons. A good leader may be blessed with certain traits that are preferred in a country, and these traits or habits may not be accepted or held highly in another country. Nations have their own social standards and cultures, and this is vital while considering leadership. A leader with the vast knowledge of a countrys ethics, custo ms, and beliefs and basic leadership skills may prove to be a beneficial leader to a business in another country (Hicks 2004, 88-150).A leader can have several skills that may make them successful in the humans. These skills are awareness, strong business knowledge and sensitivity to cultural differences and standards, commitment, courage, and integrity. A good leader may not necessarily be a good leader in any country until he has good work ethics, professional and personal integrity and determination. If the leader is understands the cultural standards of a country and shows respect for these standards, he may be effective and may be respected by the country he is trying to lead (Pitsis 2007, 100-156).Innovation and LeadershipTraditionally, innovation has dangled in and out of fashion accepted in good times and discarded in downturns. However, as globalisation reduces the geographic boundaries and barriers in the market that once held back businesses from achieving potential, a c ompanys capability to innovate-to tap the fresh value-creating concepts of the employees and partners, suppliers, customers, and other parties away from its own boundaries-is anything but faddish. Innovation has become a hub of growth, performance, and valuation.Strategy and LeadershipAs a leader responsible for the competitive development of your organisation, as well as a desire to keep ahead of the game, you have a responsibility to ensure that you are fully aware of new strategies and developments that can impact upon your personal growth as a leader of others (Hicks 2004, 88-150).The basic task of strategical thinking is to relate the identity of an institution to the realities that shape and influence its context. In the complex process of relating these two poles, there is the need and the opportunity to use strategic thinking as a tool of leadership. The tasks of leadership and strategic thinking overlap and intertwine, as becomes evident in a variety of forms (Miller 2007, 56-98).Developing Originality in Leadership CapabilitiesA leader must be able to create an Inspiring Vision Lead by Example. A leader must develop an inspiring vision establish shared values produce direction and set stretch goals. He must enable himself to manage change strategically, take risks, create change lead change manage resistivity to change and lead by example practice what you preach set an example, and share risks or hardship, demonstrate confidence win respect and trust without courtship popularity (Hicks 2004, 88-150).ConclusionIrrespective of what leadership theory one might believe in, the fact remains that leadership is a large and complex domain inside organization studies. The field is overburdened and growing with old and new models of leadership, and little attempt has been made to debate or critique the very existence and cogency of so many leadership theories and models (Miller 2007, 56-98).Rather than understanding leadership as a position or an inheren t trait, leadership is understood as an activeness or process that involves the development of certain skills or capacities. While leadership differs in many ways from management, it is imperative that both functions exist and complement one another. Leadership is ultimately what volition lead to innovation and positive change, and management assists in this process.To address the complex and adaptive challenges our society is facing today and will face in the future, we must find new ways to view leadership and engage in leadership in our organizations. A number of imperfect leadership models and perspectives were presented, reflecting leadership as a process, highlighting the leader-follower relationship, recognizing the role of the larger system, stressing the importance of collaboration, emphasizing the role of ethics, and serving the ultimate goal of creating positive change. vermiform processMY PERSONAL SWOTSTRENGTHSTrustworthy- I always find myself committed towards my job or taskConfident- because of my confidence I had taken many decisions at my work and volunteer work too.Proactive- I always tried to complete the tasks on time with full involvementCalm- I always try to work calmly especially when there is some work loadHonest- I always consider my honesty beyond everything which is really important in the corporate worldWEAKNESSTime management Major weakness that I consider in me is time management.Writing Skills- Average individual in writing glob work. Feedback from the tutors made me realise about this weakness.Lazy Try to postpone work for tomorrow and had suffered a lot because of my laziness in my academics.Speaking There are some grammatical mistakes with speakingOPPORTUNITIESFeedback- a really important opportunity that helps to make changes either in me or in the way I work. An neighboring(a) tool which helps in improving the weaknessesGroup Discussions- It helps in listening others views about a particular situation and to take dec isions accordinglyPresentations Its an opportunity where I can improve my speaking skills and it is the best chance to make a good time managementProjects/ Assignments Projects help in improving the writing skills and can be reviewed after the results are out. A deadline for the assignment helps to make time management and reduce laziness.Debates An opportunity where speaking skills can be improved because debate is a way to express our own views and helps in motivating ourselvesTHREATSCompanions Students in the same field, colleagues at work place are sometime becomes threat when competition is high. but confidence and calm nature will help me in facing the problems caused by a threatTime pressure Sometimes the deadlines for a task is really close which effects psychologically and an individual becomes panic and start doing wrong things. Proactive and cool behaviour will help me in winning decisions according to the situation

Judith Beheading Holofernes

Judith Beheading HolofernesKimberly BoatmanJudith Beheading Holofernes was do by a Baroque artist by the name of Artemisia Gentileschi. Artemisias version of the painting was made in 1620, in Florence, the original painting was made by Caravaggio a friend of the family. Caravaggios version was based on an old biblical story that he had attaind in 159, in Rome. In comparison with these two artists it is obvious that Artemisias version is perfected and more in depth than Caravaggios. In her version you can reap the actual struggle the assistant and her had to go through in order to hold Holofernes down. She shows the depth of the blood not only gushing out further leaking to where the sheets are absorbing the blood. Gentileschis showed how intense the task was by rolling up her sleeves and not being afraid to accomplish stabbing the sword through his neck. In his version he depicts a fragile young women with her servant assisting her and her face looks like she cant stomach what sh e has d wholeness. It doesnt look like she had to put up very much fight with Holofernes it appeared to be an easy task for her.Artemisia had developed her artistic ways from her military chaplain, Orazio Gentileschi. Gentileschis father recognized that his daughters painting skills had outgrown what he could have ever taught her. Once he noticed she had outgrown the basic techniques he reached out to a close friend by the name of Agostino Tassi. According to the Brooklyn Museum, Tassi had raped Artemisia in 1612 and was put through a long and hard trial. He refused to marry her which pushed her dad to have him exiled from Rome although, it never happened. She talked about how she struggled with him and her effort to try and stab him with a knife. She claimed that her chaperone had arrange for the two to be alone and that she had abandoned her basically let it happen. After the trial was over her father Orazio arranged for her to be get married and she was moved to Florence from Rome. She married an artist by the name of Pierantonio Stiattesi who was a painter in Florence and she also earned the support of the patronage Cosimo II who was known as the Medici duke. She then became one of the first women to attend the Academy of Art in the city of Florence and continued her dream of being an artist.Judith Beheading Holofernes paintings stormed from the famous story in period when art, unison and theater was popular in the Baroque period. Judith during this period was considered a symbol of church and was often compared to Mary. Artemisias version was a little more personal although she well-tried and true following the lines of the biblical paintings. Artemisias indorse point was often looked at on how she would get revenge from the rape concluding she tried attacking him with a knife. The otherwise artists took the stand point of the courage, power and beauty behind the old tale and tried to depict it as the eye would see it. Artemisia does tie herself into the painting which proves that she tried making the painting about her. In the painting Judith is wearing a bracelet with the goddess named Artemis depicted on the ovals. She wasnt only just influenced by the work she watched her father create or the famous painter Caravaggio that she had admired so dearly. This painting was associated with something bad that had happened to her and it was hard attempt to balance the two out.Artemisia throughout her lifetime had paintings that represent women that had suffered and came out of the situation stronger. She was one of the only well-known female artist in her time so I feel like she spent a lot of time trying to prove that women are just as good as a man. In this painting she depicted her struggles and the way she created his parting of art proved that she had overcame what she had once been. When she first published this painting she was criticized and her reputation was ruined because people assisted with the trial with Tassi. The painting aims at ones emotions, its almost as you can feel the pain that Artemisia had went through that influenced her to paint this image. Judith seems calm in this photo while shes beheading Holofernes almost as if she showing a backbone of justice and courage it took to get there. Her paintings represent violence that women had experienced for centuries, she converts not only her experiences to a painting but other womens as well. The message that Artemisias is trying to convey to her audience its okay to go through trials and tribulations in life, its just you who determines the outcome of the situation.Gentileschis version of Judith Beheading Holofernes has a different emotional appeal that makes it stand out compared to Caravaggios biblical version. The depth of the painting is beautifully created from the colors used, the shading and the emotional connection from her personal experiences to relating it to others. This painting represents the power that women have and it can slowly over power man when outraged. The painting is now in the Galleria degli Uffizi in Florence, Italy and it still strikes viewers with emotion and awe at the skill that it took to create this image.

The Validity of Creationism and Evolution Essay -- Science Creationism

The Validity of Creationism and Evolution Abstract This paper discusses the validity of both creation and evolution and examines whether they can interact with each other. also doing my own research, I have chosen to interview four people extensively involved in either Christianity or biology. I specifically picked interviewees who potently supported either evolution or creation to get both sides of the issue. Two of the people were from United Christian Fellowship (UCF) Andrew Larratt-Smith, leader of UCF, and Ricardo Dawkins, UCF small crowd member. I also interviewed two biologists Paul Matsudaira, MIT Biology professor, and Bettina Bauer, a post-doctoral fellow in the HST department. Paul considers his religious beliefs in between agnosticism and Catholic. He was christen in the Roman Catholic church but has not thought about God extensively. Bettina is neither religious nor anti-religious. She says that if God really exists, it would not alteration her life. From these int erviews, I hoped to gain a better understanding of creation and evolution and examine whether they can co-exist. Creationism is based on the belief that God is the intelligent antecedent who created our universe and the natural things in it. It is derived from the two stories of Genesis. The first of the stories (Genesis 11-23) states that God created the heavens and the earth, light, water, vegetation, animals, and then man in the image of him. In the second draw (24-29), God made the heavens and the earth, water, man from the dust, and then vegeta-tion and animals. Clearly these two accounts differ from each other in terms of order. The response I certain from creationists (Andrew) was that the Bible must not always be taken literall... ...onists want to put the hand of God behind various scientific processes, scientists cannot show that they be incorrect. His reasoning is that religion is dogmatic and not scientific in its nature. In conclusion, history has shown tha t religion and science can interact, and that reli gion has adjusted to the renewing knowledge of science. Therefore, the involve that science and religion are in separate spheres is not solid reasoning to avoid interrelating the two. However, religion as a whole does not inquire to obey scientific laws, nor can it be proved through repeatable experiments. It may never be disproved by science because its strength is gathered from the assurance of its followers. Hence when scientific theories such as evolution extend itself to answer questions of why humans were created and what began life, it will ultimately fail in its attempts.

The Hale Bopp Comet :: essays research papers

The Hale Bopp CometAs I am sure all of you know, we have recently been able to see a freshly but notpermanent additon to the night sky. This addition is known as Hale-Bopp, a cometthat is about 122 million miles (about 1.3 times the distance of the sun to theearth) from the earth and is almost 25 miles wide. Hale-Bopp wasdiscovered on July 23,1995 by two scientists named Alan Hale in New Mexico andThomas Bopp in Arizona. This is the first discovery for both of them, althoughAlan Hale is wiz of the top visual comet observers in the world, having seenabout 200 comet apparitions. That is one of the reasons they put his name first.     Alan Hale comments, "I love the irony -- Ive spent over four hundred moments of mylife looking for comets, and havent found anything, and now, suddenly, when Imnot looking for one, I get one dumped in my lap. I had obtained an observationof P/Clark earlier, and needed to wait an hour or so before P/dArrest got highenough to loo k at, and was just passing the time til then, and I decided to lookat virtually deep-sky objects in Sagittarius. When I turned to M70, I saw a fuzzyobject in the same field, and almost immediately suspected a comet, since I hadbeen looking at M70 last month, and *knew* there wasnt any other objectsthere."     Thomas Bopp explains his story like this, "On the night of July 22, 1995 both(prenominal) friends and I headed out into the give up for a dark of the moon observingsession. The site, which is west of Stanfield, AZ and a few mile south ofInterstate 8 is about 90 miles southwestern from my home.     My friend Jim Stevens had brought his 17-1/2" Dobsonian. We started theevening observing some of the Messier objects such as the Veil and NorthAmerican Nebulae in Cygnus, when Jim said " Lets look at some of the globularsin Sagittarius." We started our tour with M22 and M28, observing at 50X and thenat 180X. Around 1100 lo cal time, we had M-70 in the field when Jim went to thecharts to determine the next object of investigation. I continued watching M-70slowly drift across the field, when it reached a point 3/4 of the way across aslight glow appeared on the eastern edge. I repositioned the scope to center onthe new object but was unable to resolve it. I called to Jim and asked him if heknew what it might be, after a visual inspection he stated he wasnt familiar