Jacksonian Democrats Essay examples -- essays research papers

capital of Mississippiian Democrats viewed themselves as the guardians of the United States Constitution, political democracy, individual liberty, and equality of economic opportunity. In light of the following documents and your association of the 1820s and the 1830s, to what extent do you agree with the Jacksonians view of themselves. Unlike previous presidents, Andrew Jackson represented the common men. He and his followers did not support the aristocrats, but kind of favored the interests of farmers and urban workers. When they gained power, the Jacksonian Democrats brought about great advances in creating a more democratic and economically equal society. One of the most important changes that Jackson brought was a much more democratic society. You no longer had to be a rich landowner to be allowed to vote. Most of the states removed any ghostly or property qualifications for holding office. The number of voters increased nearly by seven times during Jacksons presidency. By 18 32, nearly all states adopted a rude(a) system for choosing for choosing its electors. Before Jacksons presidency, the electors were chosen by state legislatures. Now all the states in the Union, except South Carolina, had adopted a more democratic mode of allowing voters to choose their states electors. Also, during Jacksons era, many state and local officials were elected to office, instead of being appointed. This gave the voters more control of their local government, and increased participatio...

The Influence of Frank Lloyd Wright on Frank Gehry in the Design of his

Many of Frank Gehrys early works reflect a refined manipulation of shapes and structures, whereby many of his buildings present distorted shapes or apparent structures. From the Guggenheim museum to the Walt Disney concert hall, Frank Gehrys architecture is close to none. He cleverly plays with shapes and geometries. In this essay, I shall start with a brief analysis of Gehrys house and the influences in the design of the house. I shall then analyze the extent to which Frank Lloyd Wright has godlike and influenced Gehry in the design of his house through a comparison with Frank Lloyd Wrights Jacobs house. Gehry draws his inspiration from famous paintings such as the Madonna and tiddler which he qualifies as a strategy for architecture (Friedman M. , 2003, p. 42) and which he used as an inspiration for a project in Mexico . Through his interpretation of the paintings and artwork, Gehry looked for a new kind of architecture. His search for a new type of architecture culminated in 197 8 with his own house in Santa Monica. What was once a traditional Californian house would be redesigned to become one of the most important and revolutionary designs of the 20th century, giving Gehry international prestige and fame. Frank Gehrys Own dwelling house uses a mixture of corrugated metal, plywood, chain link and asphalt to construct a new envelope for an existing typical Californian house. This house has been animate by Joseph Cornell, Ed Moses and Bob Rauschenberg. Gehry comments on his house by saying that there was something magical (Friedman M. , 2003, p. 54) about it. He admits having followed the end of his my nose (Friedman M. , 2003, p. 54) when it came to constructing the new house, which lead Arthur Drexler, former Director... ...nian architects. Frank Lloyd Wright, on the other hand is considered as one of the founders of modern architecture but what is certain is that they have both had a wonderful influence on the world of architecture today.Works Cited( 2000, August-November 12). Retrieved December 15, 2010, from http//www.arcspace.com/gehry_new/index.html?main=/gehry_new/html/ar.htmlCarter, R. M. (2001). Frank Lloyd Wright. capital of the United Kingdom Phaidon Press Limited.Friedman, M. (2003). Architecture+ Process Gehry Talks. London Thames and Hudson Ltd.Friedman, M. (2003). Gehry Talks. London Thames and Hudson Ltd.Humphries, L. (1970). Programs and manifestoes on 20th-century architecture. Cambridge Massachusetts Michael Bullock.Maddex, D. (2000). 50 Favourite houses by Frank Lloyd Wright. London Thames and Hudson Ltd.Zevi, B. (1998). Frank Lloyd Wright. Boston Birkhauser.

Debating the Connection Between Birds and Dinosaurs :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Debating the Connection Between Birds and DinosaursWe live in a world, where every question must have an answer. If that question doesnt have an answer, somebody is determined to find out what the answer is. One of those very questions is simply, did birds evolve from dinosaurs? Many scientists have theories. There is no definite answer. I will, however, give you schooling on some theories scientists have, as well as information on a new discovery that may very well be thence what scientists around the world have been looking for. I will leave it up to you, to decide who you think is right.The idea that birds and reptiles are closely related is not a new one. Since Darwin, similarities between modern birds and reptiles started speculation that these groups had something in common. Then, in 1861, the first specimen of the famous Archaeopteryx (ancient wing) was found in Bavaria. It seemed to be a mixture of bird-like and reptile-like characteristics. For many, this creature was - a nd is - a powerful confirmation of large-scale evolutionary change (Are birds feathered dinosaurs?). Since then more(prenominal) and more new discoveries have been found influencing the dino-bird theory. The most recent discovery was in Northern China, of a feathered covered dinosaur that may very well be the answer to this very important question. This discovery not only presents questions about the origins of birds but also about the life of dinosaurs. It reinforces the case for the theory that birds evolved from theropod dinosaurs, maculation hinting that many other dinosaurs may have had feathers to keep them warm. The fossil skeleton is estimated to be somewhere between 126147 million eld old (Henahan 2001). However, according to the master scientific article the age is debatable. Certain elements suggest a Late Jurassic age radiometric work from several sites near Sihetun has suggested conflicting dates of 124.6 million years ago or 147 million years ago. The age of these beds is a complex problem and it is likely that several ages are represented at different target sites (Ji et al 2001). According to the article the fossil was discovered by a team of American and Chinese scientists in the Yixian Formation in the Liaoning Province, China. This is the first dinosaur to be discovered with its body covering unbroken. The fossil has been identified as a type of dromaeosaur. The discovery may cause trouble in the paleontology community, where a debate continues on the link between dinosaurs and birds.

Good Country People by Flannery OConnor Essay -- essays research pape

Good pastoral People by Flannery OConnorGood Country People by Flannery OConnor is an excellent example of caustic remark in literature. From beginning to end it has a steady procession of irony, much of it based on the title of the story Good Country People. In the beginning of the story we meet Mrs. Freeman, wife of the hired hand. She and her husband have been working for Mrs. Hopewell for four years. The reason for her keeping them so long was that they were not trash. They were Good Country People, according to Mrs. Hopewell. Ironic in ally one of the first things we learn about Mrs. Freeman is that her previous employer has called her the nosiest woman ever to walk the earth. Then, as the story progresses, we learn she has a special fondness for the details of secret infections, hidden deformities, assaults upon children. It seems that for a good country person she has a perverse curiosity in the macabre. She particularly enjoys hearing all the details of how Joy/Hulga had h er leg literally blasted off in a hunting accident.As the story moves on we can see the engagement between Mrs. Hopewell and her daughter Joy/Hulga. Joy/Hulga treats her mother with disdain, and does everything she can to emphasize her own individuality. She professes to believe in nothing. She is a proud intellectual and has little question of her belief in nothingness. However, ironically in the end she is proven to be very muc...

The Portrayal of War in Charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce et Decoru

The Portrayal of War in Charge of the Light brigade and Dulce et Decorum EstBoth Charge of the Light Brigade by Alfred Lord Tennyson and Dulceet Decorum est by Wilfred Owen are poems about war. However, theywere written in two very(prenominal) different contexts and about two verydifferent wars. Charge of the Light Brigade describes a doomed cavalrycharge made by British soldiers during The Battle of balaclava helmet in theCrimean War (1854-1857). Dulce et Decorum est, on the other pass by,tells the story of a group of soldiers who were caught in a gas attack reversive from the trenches of World War I (1914-1918) towards theirdistant rest. Alfred Lord Tennyson was the Poet Laureate at thattime and wrote the poem after reading about The Battle of Balaclava inthe Times newspaper. This could have influenced how he portrayed thebattle as he used secondary information which could be unreliable. Incontrast, Wilfred Owen had first hand battle experiences from Worldwar I, and so you would expect his information to be more reliable,However he could have emphasised certain points for poetic effect.In Dulce et Decorum est Wilfred Owen uses a variety of similesmetaphors and other poetic techniques to describe the actions,appearance and mental states of the soldiers. Owen describes thesoldiers as Bent double, desire old beggars under sacks, knock-kneed,coughing like hags, this simile shows that the war has had a verylarge effect on the soldiers as it gives the impression that they haveaged prematurely and are in a very bad state of health. Owen also saysthat they limped on blood-shod, all went lame, all blind, alsogiving the impression that the soldiers are in a very bad state ofhealth, this emphasi... ...rge of the Light Brigade Tennyson gives the impressionthat the British soldiers were fighting a loosing battle. Tennysongives the impression to the reader that he is not against the war evenif they were freeing to loose but he still praises the soldiers for whatthey did. In Charge of the Light Brigade Tennyson contradicts Owensviews, and instead says that it is honourable to die for ones countryeven if you loose the battle. In general I prefer Dulce et Decorum estbecause of what the poem stands for, Dulce et Decorum est give theviews that war is a terrible thing and Owen is very against it whereasTennyson seems to be a draw poker more pro war.Works Cited L. Bensel-Meyers. Literary Culture Reading and Writing Literary Arguments. New York Pearson Custom P,2000. Napierkowski, Marie Rose and Mary K Ruby. Poetry for Students. Vol 1 Detroit 1998.

The Portrayal of War in Charge of the Light Brigade and Dulce et Decoru

The Portrayal of War in Charge of the Light aggroup and Dulce et decorousness EstBoth Charge of the Light group by Alfred Lord Tennyson and Dulceet Decorum est by Wilfred Owen are poems about warfare. However, theywere written in two very different contexts and about two verydifferent wars. Charge of the Light Brigade describes a doomed cavalrycharge made by British soldiers during The Battle of Balaclava in theCrimean War (1854-1857). Dulce et Decorum est, on the other hand,tells the explanation of a group of soldiers who were caught in a gas attackreturning from the trenches of World War I (1914-1918) towards theirdistant rest. Alfred Lord Tennyson was the Poet Laureate at thattime and wrote the poem after reading about The Battle of Balaclava inthe Times newspaper. This could have influenced how he portrayed thebattle as he used secondary information which could be unreliable. Incontrast, Wilfred Owen had first hand battle experiences from Worldwar I, and so you would expect h is information to be more reliable,However he could have emphasised certain points for poetic effect.In Dulce et Decorum est Wilfred Owen uses a variety of similesmetaphors and other poetic techniques to describe the actions,appearance and psychological states of the soldiers. Owen describes thesoldiers as Bent double, like old beggars under sacks, knock-kneed,coughing like hags, this simile shows that the war has had a verylarge effect on the soldiers as it gives the impression that they haveaged prematurely and are in a very bad state of health. Owen also saysthat they limped on blood-shod, all went lame, all art, alsogiving the impression that the soldiers are in a very bad state ofhealth, this emphasi... ...rge of the Light Brigade Tennyson gives the impressionthat the British soldiers were fighting a loosing battle. Tennysongives the impression to the reader that he is not against the war evenif they were going to loose but he still praises the soldiers for whatthey did. In Charge of the Light Brigade Tennyson contradicts Owensviews, and instead says that it is honourable to die for ones countryeven if you loose the battle. In general I prefer Dulce et Decorum estbecause of what the poem stands for, Dulce et Decorum est give theviews that war is a terrible thing and Owen is very against it whereasTennyson seems to be a lot more pro war.Works Cited L. Bensel-Meyers. literary Culture Reading and Writing Literary Arguments. New York Pearson Custom P,2000. Napierkowski, Marie Rose and Mary K Ruby. Poetry for Students. Vol 1 Detroit 1998.

Chapter 4 The Leaky Cauldron

It took chevvy several days to develop used to his strange pertly foresweardom. Never before had he been able to permit up whe neer he valued or eat whatever he fancied. He could even go wherever he pleased, as grand as it was in Diagon Alley, and as this long cobbled street was packed with the most fascinating wizarding shops in the world, vex felt no desire to break his word to disconcert and stray stomach into the Muggle world. chivy ate breakfast each morning in the drippy Cauldron, where he analogousd watching the other guests funny light witches from the country, up for a days shopping venerable- face wizards arguing over the latest article in Transfigu spyion Today wild-looking warlocks raucous dwarfs and once, what looked suspiciously the likes of a hag, who say a plate of raw liver from behind a thick woolen balaclava.After breakfast set upon would go taboo into the impaleyard, take come forth his wand, tap the third brick from the left above the trash bin, and stand mainstay as the archway into Diagon Alley opened in the wall. incrust spent the long sunny days exploring the shops and eating under the b rightfieldly colored umbrellas let outside cafes, where his fellow diners were showing one another their purchases (Its a lunascope, old male child no more messing around with moon charts, see?) or else discussing the case of Sirius Black (Personally, I wont let any of the children out alone until hes back in Azkaban). waste didnt stimulate to do his homework under the blankets by flashlight anymore outright he could sit in the bright sunshine outside Florean Fortescues starter Cream Parlor, finishing all his essays with occasional help from Florean Fortescue himself, who, apart from knowing a great deal about medieval witch burnings, gave Harry free sundaes e really half an hour.Once Harry had refilled his money bag with gold Galleons, silver Sickles, and bronze Knuts from his vault at Gringotts, he had to exercise a brood of self-control not to spend the whole lot at once. He had to keep reminding himself that he had five years to go at Hogwarts, and how it would heart to deal the Dursleys for money for spellbooks, to stop himself from buying a handsome exercise set of solid gold Gobstones (a wizarding game behindher like marbles, in which the stones squirt a nasty-smelling fluidness into the other players face when they lose a touch). He was sorely tempted, too, by the perfect, moving model of the galaxy in a large glass ball, which would nonplus meant he never had to take another Astronomy lesson. But the thing that tested Harrys resolution most appe bed in his favorite shop, Quality Quidditch Supplies, a week after hed arrived at the Leaky Cauldron.Curious to know what the crowd in the shop was arrant(a) at, Harry edged his way inside and squeezed in among the excite witches and wizards until he glimpsed a peeledly erected podium, on which was mounted the most magnificent b live he had ev er seen in his life.Just come out precedent a squ atomic number 18-jawed wizard was telling his companion.Its the fastest broom in the world, isnt it, daddy? squeaked a boy younger than Harry, who was swinging off his fathers arm.Irish International Sides bonnie put in an order for seven of these beauties the proprietor of the shop told the crowd. And theyre favorites for the World CupA large witch in front of Harry move, and he was able to read the sign conterminous to the broom** THE FIREBOLT ** THIS STATE-OF-THE-ART RACING BROOM SPORTS A STREAM-LINED, SUPERFINE HANDLE OF ASH, TREATED WITH A DIAMOND-HARD POLISH AND HAND-NUMBERED WITH ITS stimulate REGISTRATION NUMBER. EACH INDIVIDUALLY SELECTED BIRCH TWIG IN THE BROOMTAIL HAS BEEN HONED TO AERODYNAMIC PERFECTION, GIVING THE FIREBOLT UNSURPASSABLE BALANCE AND PINPOINT PRECISION. THE FIREBOLT HAS AN ACCELERATION OF 150 MILES AN HOUR IN TEN SECONDS AND INCORPORATES AN UNBREAKABLE BRAKING CHARM. PRICE ON REQUEST. Price on requ estHarry didnt like to think how some(prenominal) gold the Firebolt would cost. He had never lossed anything as much in his whole life unless he had never lost a Quidditch match on his Nimbus Two Thousand, and what was the point in emptying his Gringotts vault for the Firebolt, when he had a very just broom already? Harry didnt ask for the price, but he returned, almost every day after that, just to look at the Firebolt.There were, however, things that Harry needed to buy. He went to the Apothecary to replenish his store of potions ingredients, and as his school robes were now several inches too short in the arm and leg, he visited Madam Malkins Robes for All Occasions and bought new ones. Most important of all, he had to buy his new schoolbooks, which would include those for his two new subjects, Care of Magical Creatures and Divination.Harry got a surprise as he looked in at the bookshop window. Instead of the unwashed display of gold-embossed spellbooks the size of paving s labs, there was a large iron cage behind the glass that held about a hundred copies of The Monster watchword of Monsters. Torn pages were flying everywhere as the books grappled with each other, locked to abbreviateher in furious wrestling matches and snapping aggressively.Harry pulled his booklist out of his scoopful and consulted it for the first time. The Monster confine of Monsters was listed as the required book for Care of Magical Creatures. Now Harry understood why Hagrid had give tongue to it would come in useful. He felt sticking out(p) he had been wondering whether Hagrid wanted help with some terrifying new pet.As Harry entered Flourish and Blotts, the manager came hurrying toward him.Hogwarts? he tell abruptly. pay back to get your new books?Yes, verbalize Harry, I need Get out of the way, give tongue to the manager impatiently, brushing Harry aside. He drew on a gibe of very thick gloves, picked up a large, knobbly walking stick, and proceeded toward the door of the Monster Books cage.Hang on, verbalise Harry quickly, Ive already got one of those. throw off you? A look of enormous relief spread over the managers face. Thank heavens for that. Ive been bitten five times already this morning A loud rip noise rent the air two of the Monster Books had seized a third and were clout it apart.Stop it Stop it cried the manager, poking the walking stick through the interdict and knocking the books apart. Im never stocking them again, never Its been bedlam I prospect wed seen the worst when we bought two hundred copies of the Invisible Book of Invisibility cost a fortune, and we never found themWellis there anything else I can help you with?Yes, said Harry, looking down his booklist, I need Unfogging the Future by Cassandra Vablatsky.Ah, starting Divination, are you? said the manager, stripping off his gloves and leading Harry into the back of the shop, where there was a corner devoted to fortune-telling. A small table was stacked with volume s such(prenominal) as Predicting the Unpredictable Insulate Yourself Against Shocks and Broken Balls When Fortunes Turn Foul.Here you are, said the manager, who had climbed a set of steps to take down a thick, unrelenting-bound book. Unfogging the Future. Very good guide to all your basic fortune-telling methods palmistry, crystal balls, bird entrails.But Harry wasnt listening. His eyes had fallen on another book, which was among a display on a small table Death Omens What to Do When You Know the Worst Is Coming.Oh, I wouldnt read that if I were you, said the manager lightly, looking to see what Harry was staring at. Youll start seeing death omens everywhere. Its enough to frighten anyone to death.But Harry continued to stare at the front cover of the book it showed a black dog large as a bear, with gleaming eyes. It looked oddly familiarThe manager pressed Unfogging the Future into Harrys hands.Anything else? he said.Yes, said Harry, tearing his eyes by from the dogs and dazedl y consulting his booklist. Er I need Intermediate Transfigu pigion and The Standard Book of Spells, Grade Three.Harry emerged from Flourish and Blotts ten minutes later with his new books under his arms and made his way back to the Leaky Cauldron, hardly noticing where he was spill and bumping into several people.He tramped up the stairs to his room, went inside, and tipped his books onto his bed. individual had been in to tidy the windows were open and sun was pouring inside. Harry could hear the buses rolling by in the unseen Muggle street behind him and the sound of the unseeable crowd below in Diagon Alley. He caught sight of himself in the mirror over the basin.It cant have been a death omen, he told his reflection defiantly. I was panicking when I saw that thing in Magnolia CrescentIt was probably just a stray dog.He raised his hand automatically and tried to gain his hair lie flatYoure fighting a losing battle there, dear, said his mirror in a wheezy voice.As the days sl ipped by, Harry started looking wherever he went for a sign of Ron or Hermione. Plenty of Hogwarts students were arriving in Diagon Alley now, with the start of term so near. Harry met Seamus Finnigan and Dean Thomas, his fellow Gryffindors, in Quality Quidditch Supplies, where they too were ogling the Firebolt he also ran into the real Neville Longbottom, a round-faced, forgetful boy, outside Flourish and Blotts. Harry didnt stop to chat Neville appeared to have mislaid his booklist and was be told off by his very formidable-looking grandmother. Harry hoped she never found out that hed pretended to be Neville while on the run from the Ministry of Magic.Harry woke on the wear day of the holidays, thinking that he would at least meet Ron and Hermione tomorrow, on the Hogwarts Express. He got up, dressed, went for a last look at the Firebolt, and was just wondering where hed have lunch, when someone yelled his name and he turned.Harry HARRYThey were there, both of them, sitting outs ide Florean Fortescues Ice Cream Parlor Ron looking incredibly freckly, Hermione very brown, both waving frantically at him.Finally said Ron, grinning at Harry as he sat down. We went to the Leaky Cauldron, but they said youd left, and we went to Flourish and Blotts, and Madam Malkins, and I got all my school stuff last week, Harry explained. And how come you knew Im staying at the Leaky Cauldron?Dad, said Ron simply.Mr. Weasley, who worked at the Ministry of Magic, would of passage have hear the whole story of what had happened to Aunt Marge.Did you really blow up your aunt, Harry? said Hermione in a very serious voice.I didnt mean to, said Harry, while Ron roared with laughter. I just lost control.Its not funny, Ron, said Hermione sharply. Honestly, Im amazed Harry wasnt expelled.So am I, admitted Harry. Forget expelled, I thought I was going to be arrested. He looked at Ron. Your dad doesnt know why Fudge let me off, does he?Probably cause its you, isnt it? shrugged Ron, hush chuckling. Famous Harry Potter and all that. Id hate to see what the Ministryd do to me if I blew up an aunt. Mind you, theyd have to dig me up first, because soundless wouldve killed me. Anyway, you can ask Dad yourself this evening. Were staying at the Leaky Cauldron tonight too So you can come to Kings Cross with us tomorrow Hermiones there as wellHermione nodded, beaming. Mum and Dad dropped me off this morning with all my Hogwarts things.Excellent said Harry happily. So, have you got all your new books and stuff?Look at this, said Ron, pulling a long thin box out of a bag and opening it. Brand-new wand. Fourteen inches, willow, containing one unicorn tail-hair. And weve got all our books He pointed at a large bag under his chair. What about those Monster Books, eh? The assistant nearly cried when we said we wanted two.Whats all that, Hermione? Harry asked, pointing at not one but tierce bulging bags in the chair next to her.Well, Im taking more new subjects than you, arent I, said Hermione. Those are my books for Arithmancy, Care of Magical Creatures, Divination, the Study of Ancient Runes, Muggle Studies What are you doing Muggle Studies for? said Ron, rolling his eyes at Harry. Youre Muggle-born Your mum and dad are Muggles You already know all about MugglesBut itll be fascinating to train them from the wizarding point of view, said Hermione earnestly.Are you planning to eat or sleep at all this year, Hermione? asked Harry, while Ron sniggered. Hermione ignored them.Ive still got ten Galleons, she said, checking her purse. Its my birthday in September, and Mum and Dad gave me some money to get myself an early birthday present.How about a nice book? said Ron innocently.No, I dont think so, said Hermione composedly. I really want an owl. I mean, Harrys got Hedwig and youve got Errol I havent, said Ron. Errols a family owl. All Ive got is Scabbers. He pulled his pet rat out of his pocket. And I want to get him checked over, he added, placing Scabbers on the table in front of them. I dont think Egypt agreed with him.Scabbers was looking thinner than usual, and there was a definite arse around to his whiskers.Theres a magical creature shop just over there, said Harry, who knew Diagon Alley very well by now. You could see if theyve got anything for Scabbers, and Hermione can get her owl.So they paid for their ice cream and crossed the street to the Magical Menagerie.There wasnt much room inside. Every inch of wall was hidden by cages. It was malodorous and very noisy because the occupants of these cages were all squeaking, squawking, jabbering, or hissing. The witch behind the counter was already advising a wizard on the care of double-ended newts, so Harry, Ron, and Hermione waited, examining the cages.A pair of enormous purple toads sat gulping wetly and feasting on dead blowflies. A gigantic tortoise with a jewel-encrusted shell was glittering near the window. Poisonous orangish snails were oozing slowly up the side of their glass tank, and a fat white rabbit kept c temporary removal into a silk top hat and back again with a loud popping noise. Then there were cats of every color, a noisy cage of ravens, a basket of funny custard-colored furballs that were humming loudly, and on the counter, a vast cage of sleek black rats that were playing some sort of skipping game using their long, bald tails.The double-ended newt wizard left, and Ron approached the counter.Its my rat, he told the witch. Hes been a bit off-color ever since I brought him back from Egypt.Bang him on the counter, said the witch, pulling a pair of heavy black spectacles out of her pocket.Ron lifted Scabbers out of his inside pocket and placed him next to the cage of his fellow rats, who stopped their skipping tricks and scuffled to the wire for a better took.Like nearly everything Ron owned, Scabbers the rat was secondhand (he had once belonged to Rons brother Percy) and a bit battered. Next to the glossy rats in the cage, he looked espe cially woebegone.Hm, said the witch, picking up Scabbers. How old is this rat?Dunno, said Ron. Quite old. He used to belong to my brother.What powers does he have? said the witch, examining Scabbers closely.Er The truth was that Scabbers had never shown the faintest trace of interesting powers. The witchs eyes moved from Scabberss tattered left ear to his front paw, which had a toe missing, and tutted loudly.Hes been through the mill, this one, she said.He was like that when Percy gave him to me, said Ron defensively.An ordinary common or garden rat like this cant be expected to live longer than three years or so, said the witch. Now, if you were looking for something a bit more hard-wearing, you might like one of these She indicated the black rats, who promptly started skipping again. Ron muttered, Show-offs.Well, if you dont want a replacement, you can try this rat tonic, said the witch, reaching under the counter and bringing out a small red bottle.Okay, said Ron. How much OUCH Ron buckled as something huge and orange came soaring from the top of the highest cage, landed on his head, and then propelled itself, spitting madly, at Scabbers.NO, CROOKSHANKS, NO cried the witch, but Scabbers shot from between her hands like a bar of soap, landed splay-legged on the floor, and then scampered for the door.Scabbers Ron shouted, racing out of the shop after him Harry followed.It took them nearly ten minutes to catch Scabbers, who had taken refuge under a wastepaper bin outside Quality Quidditch Supplies. Ron stuffed the trembling rat back into his pocket and straightened up, massaging his head.What was that?It was either a very big cat or quite a small tiger, said Harry.Wheres Hermione?Probably getting her owl.They made their way back up the crowded street to the Magical Menagerie. As they reached it, Hermione came out, but she wasnt carrying an owl. Her arms were clamped tightly around the enormous ginger cat.You bought that monster? said Ron, his mouth hanging op en.Hes gorgeous, isnt he? said Hermione, glowing.That was a matter of opinion, thought Harry. The cats ginger fur was thick and fluffy, but it was definitely a bit bowlegged and its face looked particular and oddly squashed, as though it had run headlong into a brick wall. Now that Scabbers was out of sight, however, the cat was purring contentedly in Hermiones arms.Hermione, that thing nearly scalped me said Ron.He didnt mean to, did you, Crookshanks? said Hermione.And what about Scabbers? said Ron, pointing at the lump in his chest pocket. He needs rest and relaxation Hows he going to get it with that thing around?That reminds me, you forgot your rat tonic, said Hermione, slapping the small red bottle into Rons hand. And stop worrying, Crookshanks will be sleeping in my dormitory and Scabbers in yours, whats the fuss? Poor Crookshanks, that witch said hed been in there for ages no one wanted him.Wonder why, said Ron sarcastically as they set off toward the Leaky Cauldron.They fo und Mr. Weasley sitting in the bar, reading the Daily Prophet.Harry he said, smiling as he looked up. How are you?Fine, thanks, said Harry as he, Ron, and Hermione fall in Mr. Weasley with their shopping.Mr. Weasley put down his paper, and Harry saw the now familiar picture of Sirius Black staring up at him.They still havent caught him, then? he asked.No, said Mr. Weasley, looking extremely grave. Theyve pulled us all off our regular jobs at the Ministry to try and find him, but no luck so far.Would we get a reward if we caught him? asked Ron. Itd be good to get some more money Dont be ridiculous, Ron, said Mr. Weasley, who on closer inspection looked very strained. Blacks not going to be caught by a thirteen-year-old wizard. Its the Azkaban guards wholl get him back, You mark my words.At that moment Mrs. Weasley entered the bar, laden with shopping bags and followed by the twins, Fred and George, who were about to start their fifth year at Hogwarts the newly elected Head Boy, Perc y and the Weasleys youngest child and only girl, Ginny.Ginny, who had always been very taken with Harry, seemed even more heartily embarrassed than usual when she saw him, mayhap because he had saved her life during their previous year at Hogwarts. She went very red and muttered hello without looking at him. Percy, however, held out his hand solemnly as though he and Harry had never met and said, Harry. How nice to see you.Hello, Percy, said Harry, trying not to laugh.I hope youre well? said Percy pompously, shaking hands. It was quite a like being introduced to the mayor.Very well, thanks Harry said Fred, elbowing Percy out of the way and bowing deeply. Simply splendid to see you, old boy Marvelous, said George, pushing Fred aside and seizing Harrys hand in turn. Absolutely spiffing.Percy scowled.Thats enough, now, said Mrs. Weasley.Mum said Fred, as though hed only just spy her and seizing her hand, too. How really corking to see you I said, thats enough, said Mrs. Weasley, depo siting her shopping in an empty chair. Hello, Harry, dear. I enounce youve heard our exciting news? She pointed to the immaculate silver badge on Percys chest. Second Head Boy in the family she said, swelling with pride.And last, Fred muttered under his breath.I dont doubt that, said Mrs. Weasley, frowning suddenly. I pock they havent made you two prefects.What do we want to be prefects for? said George, looking revolted at the very idea. Itd take all the fun out of life.Ginny giggled.You want to set a better example for your sister snapped Mrs. Weasley.Gunnys got other brothers to set her an example, Mother, said Percy loftily. Im going up to change for dinnerHe disappeared and George heaved a sigh.We tried to closed in(p) him in a pyramid, he told Harry. But Mum spotted us.******Dinner that night was a very enjoyable affair. Tom the innkeeper put three tables together in the parlor, and the seven Weasleys, Harry, and Hermione ate their way through five delicious courses.Howre we getting to Kings Cross tomorrow, Dad? asked Fred as they dug into a august chocolate pudding.The Ministrys providing a couple of cars, said Mr. Weasley.Everyone looked up at him.Why? said Percy curiously.Its because of you, Perce, said George seriously. And therell be little flags on the hoods, with HB on them for big Bighead, said Fred.Everyone except Percy and Mrs. Weasley snorted into their pudding.Why are the Ministry providing cars, Father? Percy asked again, in a dignified voice.Well, as we havent got one anymore, said Mr. Weasley, and as I work there, theyre doing me a favorHis voice was casual, but Harry couldnt help noticing that Mr. Wesleys ears had gone red, just like Rons did when he was under pressure.Good thing, too, said Mrs. Weasley briskly. Do you realize how much luggage youve all got between you? A nice sight youd be on the Muggle UndergroundYou are all packed, arent you?Ron hasnt put all his new things in his trunk yet, said Percy, in a long-suffering voice. Hes dumped them on my bed.Youd better go and pack properly, Ron, because we wont have much time in the morning, Mrs. Weasley called down the table. Ron scowled at Percy.After dinner everyone felt very full and sleepy. One by one they made their way upstairs to their rooms to check their things for the next day. Ron and Percy were next door to Harry. He had just closed and locked his own trunk when he heard angry voices through the wall, and went to see what was going on.The door of number xii was ajar and Percy was shouting.It was here, on the bedside table, I took it off for polishing I havent touched it, all right? Ron roared back.Whats up? said Harry.My Head Boy badge is gone, said Percy, rounding on Harry.Sos Scabberss Rat Tonic, said Ron, throwing things out of his trunk to look. I think I mightve left it in the bar Youre not going anywhere till youve found my badge yelled Percy.Ill get Scabberss stuff, Im packed, Harry said to Ron, and he went downstairs.Harry was halfway a long the passage to the bar, which was now very dark, when he heard another pair of angry voices coming from the parlor. A second later, he recognized them as Mr. and Mrs. Weasleys. He hesitated, not wanting them to know hed heard them arguing, when the sound of his own name made him stop, then move closer to the parlor door.makes no sense not to tell him, Mr. Weasley was saying heatedly. Harrys got a right to know. Ive tried to tell Fudge, but he insists on treating Harry like a child. Hes thirteen years old and Arthur, the truth would terrify him said Mrs. Weasley shrilly. Do you really want to send Harry back to school with that hanging over him? For heavens sake, hes happy not knowingI dont want to make him miserable, I want to put him on his guard retorted Mr. Weasley. You know what Harry and Ron are like, wandering off by themselves theyve ended up in the Forbidden lumber twice But Harry mustnt do that this year When I think what could have happened to him that night he ran away from home If the Knight Bus hadnt picked him up, Im disposed(p) to bet he would have been dead before the Ministry found him.But hes not dead, hes fine, so whats the point Molly, they say Sirius Blacks mad, and maybe he is, but he was clever enough to escape from Azkaban, and thats supposed to be impossible. Its been three weeks, and no ones seen hide nor hair of him, and I dont care what Fudge keeps telling the Daily Prophet, were no nearer catching Black than inventing self-spelling wands. The only thing we know for sure is what Blacks after But Harry will be perfectly safe at Hogwarts.We thought Azkaban was perfectly safe. If Black can break out of Azkaban, he can break into Hogwarts.But no ones really sure that Blacks after Harry There was a thud on wood, and Harry was sure Mr. Weasley had banged his fist on the table.Molly, how many times do I have to tell you? They didnt embrace it in the press because Fudge wanted it kept quiet, but Fudge went out to Azkaban the night B lack escaped. The guards told Fudge that Blacks been talking in his sleep for a while now. Always the same words Hes at Hogwartshes at Hogwarts. Black is deranged, Molly, and he wants Harry dead. If you ask me, he thinks murdering Harry will bring You-Know-Who back to power. Black lost everything the night Harry stopped You-Know-Who, and hes had twelve years alone in Azkaban to brood on thatThere was a silence. Harry leaned still closer to the door, desperate to hear more.Well, Arthur, you must do what you think is right. But youre forgetting Albus Dumbledore. I dont think anything could hurt Harry at Hogwarts while Dumbledores Headmaster. I suppose he knows about all this?Of course he knows. We had to ask him if he minds the Azkaban guards stationing themselves around the entrances to the school grounds. He wasnt happy about it, but he agreed. non happy? Why shouldnt he be happy, if theyre there to catch Black?Dumbledore isnt fond of the Azkaban guards, said Mr. Weasley heavily. No r am I, if it comes to thatbut when youre dealing with a wizard like Black, you sometimes have to join forces with those youd rather avoid.If they save Harry ?C then I will never say another word against them, said Mr. Weasley wearily. Its late, Molly, wed better go upHarry heard chairs move. As quietly as he could, he hurried down the passage to the bar and out of sight. The parlor door opened, and a few seconds later footsteps told him that Mr. and Mrs. Weasley were climbing the stairs.The bottle of rat tonic was lying under the table they had sat at earlier. Harry waited until he heard Mr. and Mrs. Wesleys bedroom door close, then headed back upstairs with the bottle.Fred and George were crouching in the shadows on the landing, heaving with laughter as they listened to Percy dismantling his and Rons room in search of his badge.Weve got it, Fred whispered to Harry. Weve been improving it.The badge now read Bighead Boy.Harry forced a laugh, went to give Ron the rat tonic, then shut himself in his room and lay down on his bed.So Sirius Black was after him. This explained everything. Fudge had been lenient with him because he was so relieved to find him alive. Hed made Harry auspicate to stay in Diagon Alley where there were plenty of wizards to keep an eye on him. And he was sending two Ministry cars to take them all to the station tomorrow, so that the Weasleys could look after Harry until he was on the train.Harry lay listening to the muffled shouting next door and wondered why he didnt feel more scared. Sirius Black had murdered thirteen people with one curse Mr. and Mrs., Weasley obviously thought Harry would be panic-stricken if he knew the truth. But Harry happened to agree wholeheartedly with Mrs. Weasley that the safest place on earth was wherever Albus Dumbledore happened to be. Didnt people always say that Dumbledore was the only person Lord Voldemort had ever been afraid of? for certain Black, as Voldemorts right-hand man, would be just as frighte ned of him?And then there were these Azkaban guards everyone kept talking about. They seemed to scare most people senseless, and if they were stationed all around the school, Blacks chances of getting inside seemed very remote.No, all in all, the thing that bothered Harry most was the fact that his chances of visiting Hogsmeade now looked like zero. Nobody would want Harry to leave the safety of the castle until Black was caught in fact, Harry suspected his every move would be carefully watched until the danger had passed.He scowled at the dark ceiling. Did they think he couldnt look after himself? Hed escaped Lord Voldemort three times he wasnt completely useless.Unbidden, the image of the beast in the shadows of Magnolia Crescent crossed his mind. What to do when you know the worst is comingIm not going to be murdered, Harry said out loud.Thats the spirit, dear, said his mirror sleepily.

Anagene Inc.

Anagene is a biotechnology firm started by Mark Hansen and Harold Bergman in 1993. Hansen and Bergman planned to combine microelectronics and molecular biology to develop fruits that would have broad commercialized applications in genomics and other fields. Anagenes mission was to facilitate breakthrough genetic analysis. The comp each went public in the year 1998 and raised $42. 9 million. The companys core product was a cartridge which had to be analyzed with a Anagene-designed workstation. Management anticipated a long string of cartridge gross revenue adjacent the sale of each Anagene workstation. Product InformationWORKSTATION Anagenes first major product was a proprietary platform technology The Anagene Molecular Biology Workstation. This include a loader (which could load four cartridges at a time), a reader (which read and analyzed one cartridge at a time) and a disposable cartridge that contained the companys proprietary microchip. The product was priced at $160,000 eac h workstation shipped with four cartridges. CARTRIDGES Anagene also sold disposable cartridges priced at $150 each. separately cartridge contained an electronic chip that held test sites laid out in a geometric grid cal lead an array.Cartridges could perform up to 99 tests on any single sample. As the company sold more workstations, it expected the have for its cartridges to increase rapidly. MANUFACTURING Anagenes focal point decided to outsource the production of workstations to Hitachi. Hitachi and Anagene would work in concert to cut speak tos through value engineering thereby enabling the transfer price to continually decrease. Initially, the final testing would be performed at Anagenes facilities. As the company grew, this activity would also be outsourced to Hitachi.Anagene built its own manufacturing facility for the cartridges in order to capture the profits from the very high forecasted sales of its product. STANDARD COSTING SYSTEM AT ANAGENE DURING 2000 Anagenes cost formation calculated standard costs once a year. The process started by estimating the budgeted variable quantity costs per unit materials, shoot for labor, outside processing (several manufacturing steps had been outsourced), and scrap. Plant level overhead costs were allocated among cartridge manufacturing, instrument manufacturing, and R&D.These assignments were determined by the manufacturing department. The cost driver that was used to obtain overhead cost per unit was budgeted production volume. Machines used in the production process were depute to variant manufacturing steps which allowed for easy allocation of depreciation as an overhead expense. The standard cost per cartridge was then calculated by adding up the direct material, direct labor and overhead costs. Some other costs associated with the sale of cartridges included the unit cost of royalties and estimated returns expense.These standard costs were used for financial reporting purposes, assessing product co sts and profitability. ISSUES Because of the infancy of the company and the genomics market, it was difficult for Anagenes management to correctly forecast the companys future sales volumes and thereby their gross margins. This led to frequent revisions to previously submitted estimates. In one instance, the company revised its estimate for the FY2001 that showed standard costs increasing by 40% and gross margins dropping from 65% to 45%.One of the main reasons identified for this reduction in margins is the increase in overhead costs due to reduction in budgeted volume. In the beforehand(predicate) quarters, sales are difficult to forecast and the company has experienced fluctuating production volumes and unpredictable gross margins, which has up deal the board of directors. The purpose of the discipline pick up is to determine a new costing approach based on capacity. With large amounts of unused capacity, the decision of how to apply capacity costs is critical to the companys management and its reporting strategy with analysts.DIFFERENT TYPES OF CAPACITIES Essentially, there are four different kinds of capacity. Theoretical Capacity -This is the volume of activity that could be attained under type operating conditions, with minimum allowance for inefficiency. It is the largest volume of output possible. Practical Capacity It is the highest activity level at which the factory can operate with an acceptable academic degree of efficiency, taking into consideration unavoidable losses of productive time (i. e. , vacations, holidays, and repairs to equipment).Normal Capacity-It is the average level of operating activity that is sufficient to fill the demand for the companys products or services for a span of several years, taking into consideration seasonal and cyclical demands and increasing or decreasing trends in demand. Master-Budget Capacity - It is equal to normal capacity, except it is a short-run level based on demand, it minimizes under- or over a pplied overhead but does not provide a consistent basis for assigning overhead cost.Per-unit overhead will fluctuate because of short-term changes in the expected level of output. Currently, Anagene is using this method. THE GAME PLAN strategical cost management dictates the use of practical capacity of resources rather than budgeted manufacturing volumes when calculating standard costs. If forecasted activity levels are used to calculate cost driver rates, a death spiral may launch in an organization. That is if the cost base (the overhead expense) is fixed, then any decrease in the activity level (the cost driver) will lead to a higher overhead cost per unit.This is a simple arithmetic response to a decrease in the denominator with an unchanged numerator. use this new high cost driver rate to compute costs will lead to lower gross margins. This may lead the company to set higher prices. These high prices may cause product demand to lower leading to lower activity rates which are again fed into the system causing the cost driver to go up. This creates a vicious cycle. The cost driver rate should reflect the underlying efficiency of the process which is measured reveal by recognizing the capacity of resources being supplied.Anagene should use practical capacity which could be estimated by subtracting from the theoretical capacity the expected time required for normal maintenance, repairs, startups, and shutdowns. The case provides numbers on equipment depreciation, machine capacity, and manufacturing overhead to allow calculations for different overhead rates based on assumptions about how the plants capacity costs should be assigned to production quantities.

Memorable Day of My Life: My First Day in School

Events and experiences. But all of these are not equally important, enjoyable and memorable. There are some memorable days and they remain evergreen in my heart. My first day at civilise is such a day. It was the month of August, 2004. Was then only five years old. My incur told that should be admitted into a school in class one the next day. I felt very excited.I could not think of anything else. I was always thinking about the school and the teachers. I could not even sleep well that night. The next morning my mother woke me early in the morning. She washed me very well, embed my hair and dressed in new clothes. Then had breakfast and started for the school with my father. He took me to the Habit Public School. It took us half an hour to reach the school.When I stepped inside the school with my father was little bit afraid. Saw many students on the school campus. Some were playing , some were talking to each other. Realizing me in a new purlieu my heart began to beat. Then my Fa ther admitted me in class one. She welcomed me and took me to the class and gave me a seat. All the students in the class were staring at me. I felt a bit nervous once again to see the new faces. But soon I became very easy.

Anthropological approaches to family and kinship

Family and kinship has been studied under many disciplines as such the relations between human beings as it regards to their genealogical origins has a variable relationship.Under the discipline of anthropology, kinship regards relations forged through marriage and arising from descent as being sufficiently important in deciding who is a genus Phallus of which family this is in contrast to biological disciplines which define relations through descent and mating (where by only people who sh ar genes are related. As such, much people are related as defined by anthropology than by biology. However, the two forms of description do not exist in isolation to each other as such, people may be related to each other both by descent and by marriage if they are from a common descent.While families idler easily define who are its members since more-often-than-not they know each other in details (for example the different children from each nuclear family), translation of kinship is relativ ely more challenging as one moves away for each nuclear family this complexity is increased when kinship by affinity (marriage) kind of that pure consanguinity (descent) is included.Definition of a society through kinship offers a tool for organizing all its individuals into distinct social groups. The most basic of these groups is the family in this, the definition of relationship is concrete, that is, there is a father, a mother and children. Away from the nuclear family, relations become more amorphous and some are defined differently in different societies. However, so long as it is defined and known, relationships between persons that can be classified as kinship have been recognized as creating obligations between the involved individuals that are stronger than those that would be seen between strangers.ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACHESAmong the earliest researchers to analyze kinship and family from an anthropological angle was Lewis Henry Morgan this was in the publication System s of Consanguinity and parity of the Human Family of 1871. In this publication, Morgan initiated the use of the term affinity to describe a situation where people consider themselves as having kinship despite the fact that they are not biologically related (Trautmann, 2008).As such, groups of people who may have little or no biological relationship can identify themselves as a distinct social group and use kinship terminology in regards of each other. Such groups share obligations to each other and are bound by a set of expected responses to various events these bonds are strong despite the fact that some members are approximated only in terms of marriage (Houseman & White, 1998).Kinship systemEach of the groups that can define as a distinct social group is bound by a pattern of behavior that is generally acceptable and/or agree upon as being normal. These practices govern various events that can and do alter the composition of the society and lay boundaries on what should happen a nd what shouldnt.These patterns affect marriage in particular this is in regards to forms of marriage (e.g. arranged vs. non-arranged), restrictions to marriage (between brother and sister, cousins), and which sexual relation is defined as incest. The construct of kinship system is however down to a wide range of opinions with some of the commentary being inconsistent from one aspect to the other (Read, 2001).This is attributed by the fact that while an anthropologist is usually wasted to study a culture or society that is not his/her own (due to curiosity or novelty), s/he usually carries some of the kinship connotation from his/her system of origin (Wallace & Atkins, 1960).This leads to inconsistency since some definitions are relative from one system to the other for example, the title uncle may not have the same pith from system to system while one may regard an uncle as the brother of a parent, other systems may have a wider support to include even cousins of the parents.T hese inconsistencies have stood in the way of creation of a universal theory of kinship in humans that there is a resemblance among how humans relate to each other if they share such a relationship. George P. Murdock in his 1949 publication Social Structure, compiled sets of data to show that the mutual feelings of kinship originated from a psychological response based on ego and the relations within the nuclear family.

Project Manager Letter Essay

(your high society) allow for be holding a two-day boot camp in San Diego, California and Orlando, Florida on August 24 and 25, 2012. Both boot camps take place in the hotels we will be staying at to make things easier. Two teams of project developers from (your company) will head up this socio-economic classs highly educational instructional events. Each day will consist of approximately 5 hours of grooming and a question and answer period. Breakfast, tiffin and dinner will be catered so that we can concentrate on training and allow everyone some time to talk with our development teams. The prime(prenominal) training day of boot camp will focus on the mod compliance policies being introduced and address the bare-assed system syllabus and user interface. The mho day will concentrate on Structured Query Language (SQL) which will be used to maintain and retrieve entropy from the database. Online instructional webinars will also be available from our team during the week of A ugust 20-24, 2012 in two hour segments for five days that week.There will be formulation assigned in these courses which you will be expected to complete in order to build a base of understanding. We prefer to train in someone but realize that our plans will not accommodate everyone. That is why we offer the online counterpart. For those attending in person there is the opportunity for each employee to earn their company one free hour of support for each successful completion of the course. At the end of the boot camp sessions and weeklong online training each actor will understand the basics of how their system is organized, rules and regulations that they must remain cognizant of and where to go for resources. In addition, our SQL primer will give you the basics for constructing reports for your company. Each histrion will also receive the latest version of Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 software as well as Report Builder 3.0 for constructing reports.What we will cover-Based on our companys implementation plan it is essential to integrate our business information systems into a single technology platform using a greenness database development purlieu. We first must particular focus on implementing a corporate-wide Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software system. The ERP system will become the meaning technology, database, and development environment used by our company. The new compliance system will update all applicable laws and regulations of the companys internal rules and regulations. The new compliance system will become the core element of our understanding of integrity.Who is involved-The stakeholders of this project are all employees companywide. They will be introduced to the new compliance system. destiny for managers are to train a minimum of 10 hours on the new platform as well as other new compliance policies. The new platform will integrate the companys day to day operations into a common database. That database will be used to acces s the information contained in a number of tables that the company and development teams will create.Project ObjectivesThis project will implement a new ERP software system platform that will integrate our organization companywide systems. ERP will combine, organize, and maintain the data necessary for operations. We will be able to merge each of the companys line operations, including the manufacturing, distribution, financial, human resources, and customer relations departments, into one software system and database system. The new compliance system is to assure we are within regulations and laws that dictate the handling of electronic information and personal data. All attendees will fill out a questionnaire upon completion of the course.These will be used to evaluate our teams power to communicate the necessary information. These will be available in online versions for our clients who are unable to attend the boot camp sessions and participate in the online webinars. Each rol e players company location will receive one hour of free support for every questionnaire that is completed. These hours will be available anytime within the first 90 days of system implementation and can be for either remote assistance in a web based platform or via phone.Measurable Organizational ValueOur goal is to implement a new ERP system that will combine the data acquired from each location in our hosted environment and make accessible to each location. This will be done primarily by using Structured Query Language (SQL) and Microsoft based reporting services.

Homeric Parallels of Greek and Trojan Culture

The Parallels of Greek and Trojan Culture Homers The Iliad paints an epic and gruesome picture of the Achaeans and Trojans civilizations warring everyplace a ten-year span. If one were to compare these once nifty cultures, the striking similarities would suggest friendship rather than enemies. Not only did both nations perform similar rituals and sacrifices, exactly similarly these rites were directed to the same group of gods. Specifically the Trojans and Achaeans had a tremendous respect for the dead and the Underworld.Also, the philosophies of both cultures centered on, arete, which for a warrior was excellence determined by a mans prowess as a soldier during wartime or as an athlete in peace (Chiekova 9/11). Another latitude of the cultures was hubris, and the refusal to admit ones wrongdoing because of pride. A final irony is the fact that Apollo is considered to be the most Greek of all gods, and yet he fought for the Trojans. fundamentally both nations prayed to the same gods, performed identical rites, followed the same core set of principles and yet from all these similarities, neither nation could find a way to form a truce.The first parallel of Achaean and Trojan culture stems from praying to shared gods. It was normal knowledge of the ancients that if one were to honor the gods with sacrifices, the god would eventually reciprocate. And so both nations essay to win favor. At once well sacrifice twelve heifers in your shrine, yearlings never broken, if only youll pity Troy, the Trojan wives and all our helpless children, exclaims Theano, a Trojan Priestess (The Iliad, declare 7, page 180), while the Greeks also relied on divine intervention.Nestor recalls past sacrifices hoping the gods will once again succumb to the Achaeans, There we slaughtered fine victims to mighty Zeus, a bull to Alpheus River, a bull to lord Poseidon, and an unyoked cow to blazing eyed Athena, (The Iliad, Book 11, page 266). Not only are the Trojans and Greeks sacri ficing the same animal but also in this instance they are praying to the same goddesses. Another example of the same religious practices regards to paying tribute to the dead.Both believed that a soul remained restless and was unable to put over the River Styx and enter the underworld until burial rites were conferred. An example of the importance of proper burial occurs at the end of Book 7, after the duel between Hector and big(p) Ajax, If you are willing come, well halt the brutal war until we disregard burn the bodies of our dead, (The Iliad, Book 7, page 196). The mutual respect for the process of death is just another(prenominal) instance of the parallels between societies.The next example of how the Achaeans and Trojans were eerily similar is in regards to cultural beliefs. In order to become a great man or hero, one must possess arete. Arete is earned by performing exceptional feats and in turn gaining glory for ones name and country. To understand how great arete was to the ancient Greeks, the story how Achilles was brought into battle can be recalled. Achilles, mother Thetis, hid him amongst the women of Lycomedes. Achilles remained hidden until Odysseus arrived at the island with various gifts.Achilles was the only one interested by the fine swords and shields Odysseus brought, and and then revealed himself. Odysseus then continued to remind Achilles of his destiny, that if he enters the Trojan War he would die, but earn himself immeasurable glory on the battlefield (Chiekova 9/28). Earning arete was more(prenominal) important than living for not only Achilles and the Achaeans but also the Trojans. Hector earned his arete by proving his intense loyalty and returning to battle even though he knew he was going to die, too.Andromache pleads Yes, soon they will kill you off, all the Achaean forces massed for assault, and the bereft of you, better for me to sink into the Earth, (The Iliad, Book 6, page 183). Another common theme found in both cultu res is of hubris. Countless examples of characters making choices based on pride can be found throughout the epic. One particularised example of pride influencing choices of the Achaeans is when Menelaus calls his men cowards for not volunteering to battle with Hector. What disgrace it will be-shame, cringing shame, if not one Danaan, now steps up to battle Hector. You can all turn to earth and water-rot away (The Iliad, Book 7, page 190). This is a classic example of challenging ones pride or shaming one into action. For the Trojans, even when it seems that the urban center is about to fall, he refuses to return Helen to Menelaus. He proclaims I say no, straight out- I wont give up the woman, (The Iliad, Book 7, page 197). capital of France would rather see the entire of city of Troy fall then return his prized Helen and damage his pride.The final great irony of the Trojan War is the innovation that Apollo was the most Greek of all gods, and yet he fought for the Trojans (Chie kova 9/25). Apollo epitomizes everything the Achaeans strived for. He is often depicted as a young man perfected in beauty and grace and referred to as the sun god. Besides being a great archer, Apollo had many noble characteristics including being the god of healing, music, archery, and crafts. He is often determine by his iconic laurel wreath lyre, and bow. The Achaeans viewed all of Apollos traits as virtuous and emulated themselves after him (Chiekova 9/21).The great paradox is that the Greeks offend Apollo by refusing to return the daughters of one his priests. This causes Apollo to side with the Trojans and deliver a vicious plague upon the Greeks. Homer writes, The arrows clanged at his back as the god quaked with rage, the god himself on the march and atomic reactor he came like night. Over against the ships, he dropped to a knee let fly a shaft and a terrifying clash rang out from his great silver bowHe cut them down in droves- and the corpses-fires burned on, night and day, no end in sight, (The Iliad, Book 1, page 88).Comparing Achaean and Trojan society it becomes quite apparent that the cultures were more similar than different. Each society practiced the same religion, strived to achieve greatness and respect in battle, and had a erratic respect for Apollo. The parallels between civilizations almost seems as if the Achaeans and Trojans should have been allied with one another, but it seems that there eerie similarities almost led to conflict.

Environmental Effects of Vegetarianism Essay

The arena is currently in crisis. The consequences of mans actions had began to resurface as the environment becomes staidly threatened. Global warming is the immediate concern, as the earth continues to warm up and cause severe changes in climate. There are as well as other environmental issues to be spoken of the possible scarcity of land and body of water, deforestation, pollution and the like. The awareness of these problems have prompted galore(postnominal) individuals to do their part this includes using alternative energy and loanblend cars.However, it seems that the best way to help the environment can be make through the modification of ones diet. Apparently, the consumption of mall does more detriment to the environment than vegetarianism. This research paper aims to discuss the environmental implications of brute gardening, such as raising wolfs like cattle, as opposed to growing soybeans. According to the get together Nations, The stock sector emerges as one of the top two or three nigh significant contributors to the intimately serious environmental problems, at all(prenominal) scale from local to planetary (qtd.in Freston 1). Raising cattle is part of this sector, along with chickens and pigs (Freston 1). From the statement given by the coupled Nations, it is affirmed that indeed meat turnout has many environmental repercussions. So how is raising cattle, or animal tillage in general, detrimental to the environment? To begin with, animal agriculture utilizes puffy areas of land. According to the Keith Akers of the Vegetarian Society of Colorado (VSC). in the United States over 90% of all agricultural land is used for livestock agriculture. In a global scale, of all the agricultural areas throughout the world, about 69% is used to as pasture (Ethical Vegetarian Alternative EVA). Therefore, a significant percentage of all the Earths surface is used for the purpose of breeding animals for meat consumption (EVA). The demand of la nd that comes with animal agriculture too results in deforestation (EVA). Because meat production requires more land area, forests have to be converted as agricultural areas. The forests are converted into agricultural land through a slash and burn down technique which damages the forest (Freston).These forests are known to absorb the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, but when the trees are burnt, the thoughtless carbon dioxide forget be released back in the air. The measuring of carbon dioxide released through the slash and burn technique outweighs the emission from fossil fuels (Freston). The rain forests transformed into animal agricultural areas also experiences a slack in the quality of the soil (EVA). Due to the slash and burn method, the nutrients in the soil will eventually be lost and instead of grass, weeds will grow. Regeneration may prove difficult, while fertilizers can only serve as an initial remedy.Because of deforestation, half of all the Amazon meadows have been rendered infertile (EVA). rain forests are destroyed to accommodate more cattle for grazing (EVA Akers). It is said that the area of land damaged for this purpose is of the same size as septette football fields (Meat). From the year 1950, millions of hectares of forest land had vanished (EVA). In China, pine forests have been destroyed to accommodate animals and their crop nourishment (Meat). However, the most distinguished damage of rain forests can be found in South America and Central America (EVA).In Brazil alone, land areas tint to the size of 5,000 soccer fields are disappearing at a daily rate. Again, this is because of deforestation to accommodate cattle grazing. As for Central America, the number of cows had increased just as the area for pasture had expanded from 1950 to 1995 (EVA). It is therefore no surprise that the prices for wood products had increased all over the world (Akers). It is that the result of the growing demand of commodities from a resource th at is slowly running out due to deforestation (Akers).Other environmental effects of animal agriculture are soil erosion and desertification (EVA). physical agriculture is again responsible for soil erosion, which is directly caused by overgrazing of livestock (Meat). Over the last couple up of years, numerous mouths and hooves have changed the landscape in more ways than man-made infrastructure such as freeways and strip mines ever did. Grazing per se is non harmful to the environment. In fact, it even has a positive effect on the landscape. However, overgrazing can cause intense erosion which can turn meadows into deserts (EVA). cattle consumes a significant percentage of the vegetation in doing so, the soil is damaged because of weight of the cattle. This, along with other factors to consider, enable erosion to occur in which the topsoil is removed. The topsoil is the most fertile layer which was made from rocks and created in a long period of time. It takes many years for th e topsoil to be created again. Due to livestock grazing and crop production for livestock, a significant amount of topsoil is lost annually (VSC). As a result of extensive soil erosion, many lands all over the globe is currently undergoing desertification (EVA).Pastures from all over the world have been extremely eroded, which threatens the quantity of existing agricultural land. This posits a problem in a time when the population is continuously growing and food supplies are decreasing (EVA). Animal agriculture also causes the greenhouse effect, which in turn results in global warming (EVA). Gases, which are known as greenhouse gases, retain all the heat the earth accepts from the sun and sends it back to the atmosphere. This is essentially a graphic occurrence. However, when the atmospheric levels of those gases increase, the heat will be trapped and the earth will warm up.The high temperature of the earth has negative effects in water levels, ecosystems, agriculture, and most sp ecially, the climate (EVA). Four gases is known to total to global warming (EVA). Carbon dioxide is the primary greenhouse gas other gases include methane, halogenic compounds and nitrogen oxide (EVA). Animal agriculture is responsible for most of the greenhouse emissions this is because cows, among other animals, release methane in the air (EVA Akers). Methane is derived from ruminants, such as buffaloes, goats, sheep and of course cows when they digest their food.Also, animal manure contribute to global warming as well (EVA). According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, 16% of global methane emissions come from animal agriculture (qtd. in EVA). A nonher environmental hazard that animal agriculture presents is eutrophication (EVA). It is characterized by the excessive amount of gases such as potassium, nitrogen and phosphur in the environment as a result, ecosystems are affected. It posits a danger to biodiversity, water sources, and even soil development. The prime source of eutrophication is animal manure.Manure has metals in it, such as zinc and copper these metals are added to nutrition to enhance growth. The aforementioned elements are then transferred to land through manure, but it can also end up through residue in food intended for humans (EVA). Generally, animal manure is not harmful to the environment (EVA). It can actually used as fertilizers for the soil. However, at present, there is an excess of animal manure that it already presents a dilemma worldwide. Millions of kilograms of manure is created annually, but the space available cannot accommodate that excessive quantity.In Belgium, every kilogram of pork is friction match to 16 kilograms of manure. That amount means that tons of both nitrogen and phosphor are released on Belgian soil every year. Such excess cannot be absorbed by the soil, making the heavy metal level in the country particularly high (EVA). Europe is not the only place in the world dealing with such problem. The globa l pig and poultry industries creates millions of tons of nitrogen yearly (EVA). In the United States, the manure produced by animals exceed that of people.According to the United States Department of Agriculture, 200 milk-cows create the same quantity of nitrates found in the village sewers which is occupied by 5,000 to 10, 000 citizens (qtd. in EVA). Consequently, 22, 000 hens can produce manure which releases an amount of phosphor equal to the manure of 6,000 individuals (EVA). Yet another environmental hazard that is caused by animal agriculture is acidification (EVA). It is caused by excessive amounts of sulfur and nitrogen in land, water, and the atmosphere. Acidification threatens ecosystems trees die, forests splutter to survive and the quality of plants decreases.Lakes and other bodies of water suffer from this phenomena as well, posing danger to fishes and polluting the water sources. Acidification is best distinguished through acid rain (EVA). Again, animal agriculture pl ays a crucial part in acidification (EVA). It is the primary cause for such phenomena. So how does raising animals for food cause acid rain? Animal manure emits high levels of ammonia in the atmosphere. Two main contributors of ammonia are cows and pigs. Both animals produce 97% of all the ammonia in the atmosphere. Excessive amounts of ammonia is detrimental to the environment, as it is extremely toxic.Organisms such as reptiles, butterflies, even lichens are threatened by this compound (EVA). Ammonia is derived from the nitrates found in animal manure (EVA). The compound is mostly emitted to the atmosphere, but it can also affect both soil and water. This presents a danger to the human population, as the deglutition water supply may be contaminated with ammonia. Humans are not the only ones threatened by possible contamination. The fish population is also at risk, as the phosphates and nitrates can contaminate and decrease the quality of their habitat.Hence, manure derived from a nimal agriculture is responsible for acidification and water pollution due to the compounds found in the manure. If meat consumption is reduced, the methane will also be reduced as it only stays in the atmosphere for about ten years (Freston 2). This diminution will cause the planet to cool (Freston 2). Not only does animal agriculture pollute the waters, it also uses large amounts of it (EVA). In fact, it is the main consumer of sweet water. peeing is actually used and abused by the meat industry (Akers). The consumption begins with watering the fodder crops (EVA Meat).It is followed by the large amounts of water that animals need to drink. accordingly there is the need for water to maintain the factory farms, the trucks that transport the meat as well as the slaughterhouses (Meat). However, much water, approximately 80%, is also utilized for the creation of meat products (Akers EVA). Meat processing also consumes too much water. In fact, for a single pound of meat to be produce d, 5,000 gallons of water is used. Such great amount of water for such a small piece of meat is proof that the meat industry is wasting such a valuable resource.Compared to meat production, how does vegetarianism affect the environment? In essence, vegetarianism actually does not present any harm to the environment in fact, it positively affects it. Vegetarianism works in this formula Land + Water = Crops (Rutherford). There is limited land to be used, just as there is a limited water supply (Rutherford). A small area of land and a ample amount of water could produce a decent amount of crops. Planting of crops can be done in a small farmland this endeavor does not need extensive territories for production, unlike meat consumption.The water to be used is also not wasted, as it will only be utilized to water the crops. In fact, 1 kilogram of meat uses 100 times the amount of water infallible for 1 kilogram of vegetables (EVA). Hence, with limited resources, vegetarianism can be sust ained and not endanger the environment. Not only does vegetarianism consider the limitations of natural resources but also it does not add waste that could be detrimental to ecosystems. In addition, the vegetarian lifestyle can actually help the environment. The crops will absorb the carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and turns in into type O (Rutherford).Animal agriculture presents more disadvantages in the environment than vegetarianism. To begin with, meat production consumes limited resources that could be utilized for other endeavors. It also releases harmful elements and compounds in the air, soil and water. In the long run, the environment will suffer if this is continued. Therefore, compared to vegetarianism, animal agriculture is more detrimental to the environment.Works CitedAkers, Keith. The Most Important Thing You stern Do For the Environment. Vegetarian Society of Colorado. 14 May 2008 . Freston, Kathy. Vegetarian is the New Prius. Alternet. org. 7 Feb. 2007. 14 May 2008 . Meat and the Environment. Goveg. com. 14 May 2008 . Rutherford, Timothy. Logical Environmental Reasoning for a Vegetarian Lifestyle. Enviroveggie. com. 14 May 2008 . Vegetarianism and the Environment. Ethical Vegetarian Alternative. 14 May 2008 .

Marketing Research

Are peck aware who Jim Mitchell is? Do good deal sleep with Jim Mitchell intentions/goals for test? Who are the other arseholedidates travel rapidly for governor? How many registered voters are in the state? On a scale from 1-10, what is your intention on voting? 2. The purpose of the investigate project should assess whether the community should change the product line and reduce more toward the preteen buyer genesis. What is the buying power for the young multiplication? 3. A.The search purpose of this instruction should certify why Crystal-Clear Lens has non en able to obtain breakable sales by and by being in the grocery store for more than 5 years. B. The research purpose comprises an understanding between the passenger vehicle and the researcher of identifying problems or opportunities that regard to be studied, decision alternatives that need to be evaluated, and users of the research results. The research prey is a statement of what information Is neede d. In this case, the purpose of the research Is to show why the reasons why the confederacy has non been able to meet sales/breakable.The research quarry will provide a antecedent/ opportunity to the problem. C. Are raft aware of Crystal-Clear Lens? Is on that point any coupons being offered for first metre customers? Does Crystal-Clear Lens have any partnerships with opticians? Is Crystal-Clear Lens offering shew mail? What customers are you tar adopting? D. Hypothesis If people are not aware of Crystal-Clear Lens, advertising to customers will be a good fancy to bring into being awareness. Hypothesis Coupons are a great Incentive to get people to go to your store.Customers love the thinking of acquire a good deal. Chapter 4 4. Moving out front with the exploratory domain, I would use soft research to show how the naked, spontaneous Inventory control operation will be good for the family. I would ask the following questions How quite a little our service be me liorate? What are some ways we weed manage production effectively? 10. I think the descriptive design would be the most enchant for this case. inquiry purpose The purpose of the study Is to show If the new flavored Ice picking will be a successful product. look into questions What diversity of Ice cream does the aid market buy and who buys our brand? What Is our original Image? Where do people buy our products? Hypothesis honest-to-god people buy our brand, whereas the younger generation buy from competitors. Marketing Research By chunkymunky726 1. Are people aware who Jim Mitchell is? Research nonsubjective is a statement of what information is needed. In this case, the purpose of the research is to show why the reasons why the company has not been will be a good idea to earn awareness.Hypothesis Coupons are a great motivator to get people to go to your store. Customers love the idea of getting a good deal. Show how the new, mechanical inventory control procedure will be beneficial for the company. I would ask the following questions How ordure our service be improved? Purpose The purpose of the study is to show if the new flavored ice cream will be a successful product. Research questions What kind of ice cream does the premium market buy and who buys our brand? What is our legitimate image?Marketing ResearchAre people aware who Jim Mitchell is? Do people know Jim Mitchell intentions/goals for running? Who are the other candidates running for governor? How many registered voters are in the state? On a scale from 1-10, what is your intention on voting? 2. The purpose of the research project should assess whether the company should change the product line and accent more toward the young buyer generation. What is the buying power for the young generation? 3. A.The research purpose of this study should show why Crystal-Clear Lens has not en able to obtain breakable sales by and by being in the market for more than 5 years. B. The research purpo se comprises an understanding between the four-in-hand and the researcher of identifying problems or opportunities that need to be studied, decision alternatives that need to be evaluated, and users of the research results. The research objective is a statement of what information Is needed. In this case, the purpose of the research Is to show why the reasons why the company has not been able to meet sales/breakable.The research objective will provide a ancestor/ opportunity to the problem. C. Are people aware of Crystal-Clear Lens? Is there any coupons being offered for first condemnation customers? Does Crystal-Clear Lens have any partnerships with opticians? Is Crystal-Clear Lens offering express mail? What customers are you targeting? D. Hypothesis If people are not aware of Crystal-Clear Lens, advertising to customers will be a good Idea to ready awareness. Hypothesis Coupons are a great Incentive to get people to go to your store.Customers love the Idea of getting a good d eal. Chapter 4 4. Moving forward with the exploratory study, I would use qualitative research to show how the new, automatic Inventory control procedure will be beneficial for the company. I would ask the following questions How can our service be Improved? What are some ways we can manage production effectively? 10. I think the descriptive design would be the most usurp for this case. Research purpose The purpose of the study Is to show If the new flavored Ice cream will be a successful product.Research questions What kind of Ice cream does the premium market buy and who buys our brand? What Is our current Image? Where do people buy our products? Hypothesis Older people buy our brand, whereas the younger generation buy from competitors. Marketing Research By chunkymunky726 1. Are people aware who Jim Mitchell is? Research objective is a statement of what information is needed. In this case, the purpose of the research is to show why the reasons why the company has not been will be a good idea to create awareness.Hypothesis Coupons are a great fillip to get people to go to your store. Customers love the idea of getting a good deal. Show how the new, automatic inventory control procedure will be beneficial for the company. I would ask the following questions How can our service be improved? Purpose The purpose of the study is to show if the new flavored ice cream will be a successful product. Research questions What kind of ice cream does the premium market buy and who buys our brand? What is our current image?marketing researchmarketing researchMarketing ResearchAre people aware who Jim Mitchell is? Do people know Jim Mitchell intentions/goals for running? Who are the other candidates running for governor? How many registered voters are in the state? On a scale from 1-10, what is your intention on voting? 2. The purpose of the research project should assess whether the company should change the product line and focus more toward the young buyer generation. W hat is the buying power for the young generation? 3. A.The research purpose of this study should show why Crystal-Clear Lens has not en able to obtain breakable sales after being in the market for more than 5 years. B. The research purpose comprises an understanding between the manager and the researcher of identifying problems or opportunities that need to be studied, decision alternatives that need to be evaluated, and users of the research results. The research objective is a statement of what information Is needed. In this case, the purpose of the research Is to show why the reasons why the company has not been able to meet sales/breakable.The research objective will provide a solution/ opportunity to the problem. C. Are people aware of Crystal-Clear Lens? Is there any coupons being offered for first time customers? Does Crystal-Clear Lens have any partnerships with opticians? Is Crystal-Clear Lens offering express mail? What customers are you targeting? D. Hypothesis If people are not aware of Crystal-Clear Lens, advertising to customers will be a good Idea to create awareness. Hypothesis Coupons are a great Incentive to get people to go to your store.Customers love the Idea of getting a good deal. Chapter 4 4. Moving forward with the exploratory study, I would use qualitative research to show how the new, automatic Inventory control procedure will be beneficial for the company. I would ask the following questions How can our service be Improved? What are some ways we can manage production effectively? 10. I think the descriptive design would be the most appropriate for this case. Research purpose The purpose of the study Is to show If the new flavored Ice cream will be a successful product.Research questions What kind of Ice cream does the premium market buy and who buys our brand? What Is our current Image? Where do people buy our products? Hypothesis Older people buy our brand, whereas the younger generation buy from competitors. Marketing Research By chunkymunky726 1. Are people aware who Jim Mitchell is? Research objective is a statement of what information is needed. In this case, the purpose of the research is to show why the reasons why the company has not been will be a good idea to create awareness.Hypothesis Coupons are a great incentive to get people to go to your store. Customers love the idea of getting a good deal. Show how the new, automatic inventory control procedure will be beneficial for the company. I would ask the following questions How can our service be improved? Purpose The purpose of the study is to show if the new flavored ice cream will be a successful product. Research questions What kind of ice cream does the premium market buy and who buys our brand? What is our current image?

Legality of Organ Donation

Progress in medical science and engine room has contributed to the growth of kidney and other harmonium reassignations around the world. Neverthe little, the open frame between the fork out and pauperization for transplantable reed harmoniums continues to widen. Chronic shortage of valet de chambre organs for transplantation is one of the most pressing health insurance issues in many developed countries. In recent eld, the persisdecadet scarcity of organs for transplantation has invigorate the controversy about the determinants of organ part rates and the magnitude of their effects.In spite of the media campaigns and other attempts to conjure up share, the organs tot up cannot keep up with the demand, and the payoff of patients on waiting contentions has been growing steadily during the perish decade. The Philippines is no exception to the dilemma on the shortage of transplantable human organs and there is no clear cut policy yet on how the shortage could be swift ly addressed. The Department of health (DoH) is currently pushing for cadaveric organ benefaction and this perhaps, might lessen the gap between the supply and demand for transplantable human organs.But how can one tinker freely with the body of a dead person person? Are there faithfulnesss in the landed estate which give blanket authority to hospital institutions or to a medical practitioner in harvesting transplantable human organs from a deceased person even without a document or a health card indicating that the deceased is a willing presenter? The answer is a resounding nary(prenominal)e. The Philippines has yet to come up with a law regarding presumed hold unlike in many European countries, particularly Spain, which for so desire a time has been implementing their own and unique versions of presumed assent laws.Under presumed consent legislation, a deceased various(prenominal) is classified as a electromotive force donor in absence of explicit opposition to donati on before death. With the positive effect of presumed consent laws vis-a-vis organ donation rates on countries which enforce such, it is high time that the Philippines should follow suit and come up with its own version of presumed consent laws. Senator Richard Gordon took the porta in making the battlecry for the passage of a presumed consent law as he was astounded by the staggering figures of theNational Kidney Transplant Institute (NKTI). The Institute reported that the usual Filipino kidney transplants performed thereat have asleep(p) down by 20% while the demand for kidney donation is going up by ten (10) percent annually. Global Reality. Waiting for a suitable donor organ to become available may take one week to many months. Unfortunately, the latter is more often the case. This waiting time has been set forth by many transplant recipients and their families as the most difficult part of the transplant process.Fear and fretfulness are normal reactions during this period of uncertainty. In Europe, the average waiting time is three long time and is evaluate to last for ten years or until 2010. With 120,000 patients on chronic dialysis and 40,000 patients waiting in line for a kidney in Western Europe alone, about 15 to 30 % of these patients will die annually because of organ shortages. Every day in the linked States, 17 volume die waiting for an organ transplant.The number of people in the waiting list for an organ has more than tripled over the last ten years at the same time, the number of donors has remained relatively stagnant. In the United Kingdom, the active transplant waiting list is increasing by about 8% a year, and the ageing population and increasing incidence of fiber 2 diabetes are likely to exacerbate the shortage of available organs. In 2006, the UK Organ Donation line of work Force was established with the task of identifying barriers to donation and making recommendations for increasing organ donation and procurement in spit e of appearance the current legal framework.In the U. S. , Great Britain and in many other countries, the gap between the demand and the supply of human organs for transplantation is on the rise, despite the efforts of governments and health agencies to promote donor registration. In 2002, 6679 patients died on the U. S. organ waiting lists before an organ became available, roughly 18 per day . In 2001, 6,439 people died while waiting for a transplant, nearly double the 3,916 candidates who died while waiting just five years earlier in 1996.In spite of media campaigns and other attempts to promote donation, the supply of organs cannot keep up with the demand, and the number of patients on waiting lists has been growing steadily during the last decade. One of the most frequently quoted explanations of the gap between the supply and demand of organs is that the number of families that refuse to grant a consent to donation is still large. Approximately 50% of the families that were app roached for an organ donation in the U. S. and Great Britain refused it, compared to around 20% in Spain and around 30% in France.Notably, Spain and France are presumed consent countries. In many countries, including the U. S. , Great Britain, Germany and Australia, cadaveric organ procurement is carried out under the informed consent principle. Under an informed consent law, cadaveric organ declension requires the explicit consent of the donor before death, which is usually re? ected on a donor registration card. In contrast, in most of continental Europe, cadaveric organ procurement is based on the principle of presumed consent.Under presumed consent legislation, a deceased individual is classi? ed as a potential donor in the absence of explicit opposition to donation before death. The severe shortage of human organs for transplantation in the U. S. has prompted numerous proposals to alleviate this problem. In addition to presumed consent legislation, proposals include ? nancial incentives for donors , xenotransplantation, educational campaigns, organ exchange mechanisms for living donors with incompatible recipients and preferential assignment of organs to registered donors.However, increasing donation consent rates from families is still viewed as the most promising route to increase organ donation. Many analysts and health professionals believe that presumed consent legislation may play an important role in shaping the end of the families. In an international survey of transplant professionals, 75% of the respondents supported presumed consent legislation, and 39% identi? ed this slip of legislation as the most effective measure to increase donation rates, the highest percentage among all measures considered in the survey, followed by improved education with 18%.Several countries, including Spain, Austria, and Belgium, have prefered for a change in legislation and introduced presumed consent, whereby organs can be used for transplantation later death unless individuals have objected during their lifetime (an opt out system). Countries vary in how organ donation legislation functions in practice, and the terms hard and bonkers have been used to characterize how much emphasis is placed on relatives views in these countries. In Austria, for example, a fairly strong version of presumed consent principle is applied, although family views may be taken into account.In Spain, as in most presumed consent countries, even when organ removal can be carried-out by law without the consent of the family, organ coordinators in charge of the donation process do not authorize the extraction of organs without an explicit family approval. Another notable example is Sweden, which goes from an informed consent system to a presumed consent system in 1996. Ten years before, in 1986, Sweden had switched from presumed consent to informed consent. In the data, cadaveric donation rates decreased steadily in Sweden during the informed consent period.This downwards trend seemed to disappear after(prenominal) presumed consent legislation was reinstituted in 1996. National Reality. The National Kidney and Transplant Institute Renal Disease date estimated 11, 250 Filipinos nationwide developing End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) annually. It is estimated that half of these ESRD patients are suitable kidney transplant candidates but only five percent (5%) are actually transplanted to date because of insufficient organ supply and the affordability of the operative procedure to most patient.The past years have also witnessed the development of medical tourism as exemplified by countries like India, Thailand and Singapore (but now world-wide) as improved hospital facilities in the less developed countries have attracted patients from developed countries where health care costs were expensive and unaffordable especially to those with no health insurance. In 1999, a TV documentary exposed more than a hundred kidney transplants done in a private hospital from living non-related donors coming from the very poor section of the metropolis, called BASECO in Tondo, Manila.The Philippines is among the worlds lead providers of trafficked organs. Reuters named China, Pakistan, Egypt, Columbia and the Philippines as the five organ trafficking hotspots. Trafficked organs are either sold domestically, or exported to the US, Europe, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, and especially Israel for their transplant patients. In his privilege speech, Senator Miguel Zubiri tackled about the CNNs feature regarding the thriving bargain of human organs, amidst the poverty in the country.Although he commented in CNNs report where Mr. Hugh Reminton made an erroneous huckster on the human organ trade in the country, Zubiri admitted that there are some lawfulness to the report. The truth is human organ trade, particularly kidneys, is thriving in the country, specifically in the urban poor communities that after paying-off the donor, the tra der abandons them to face post-surgery risks also without medical attention.In addition to this, the organ transplant sector is plethoric with stories of traders earning millions of pesos after paying-off donors. This statement could be supported by an incident of kidney sale in Lumban, Laguna where Jose Rivero, 31, a tricycle driver, told the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) that he had been promised by the broker that he would be gainful Php 300,000. 00 for his kidney. However, he received only Php 66,000. 00 which led him to report to the NBI.Special Investigator 3, Joey Narciso, the case officer, said that the country has no law prohibiting the direct sale of organs to a donor. Nothing has been heard of being caught and punished, of conniving surgeons or clinics who knowingly transplant organs that have been sold. Zubiri even suspected that there are braggy syndicates that prey on the poor and helpless citizens and exploit their ignorance and vulnerability syndicates w hich have a growing occupation that includes foreigners and rich Filipinos.During the same session, Senator Gordon disclosed that the NBI is investigating the alleged involvement of doctors and other medical personnel of vainglorious hospitals in the illegal organ trade after members of a syndicate were arrested for duping several people from Batangas, Quezon and adjoining provinces into selling their organs. Gordon recommended the adaptation of a presumed consent. Zubiri stated that the suggestion could be included in the Senate Bill No. 460 , authored by Senator Jose Jinggoy Estrada.